粘弹性环境中活动脉冲引起的自发流动逆转
Activity pulses induce spontaneous flow reversals in viscoelastic environments
摘要：
细胞系统及其周围细胞外基质之间的复杂相互作用正在成为细胞功能（如增殖、运动和细胞死亡）的重要机械调节剂，并且此类细胞系统通常以脉动肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白活性为特征。在这里，使用一个活跃的凝胶模型，我们数值探讨自发流动产生的粘弹性介质中存在的活动脉冲。结果表明，活动引起的粘弹性环境的变形与这些变形的活动介质的时间依赖性的响应之间的串扰可以导致自发产生的主动流的逆转。我们解释了这一现象背后的机制的基础上主动流和粘弹性介质之间的相互作用。我们显示的聚合物和活性颗粒的弛豫时间尺度的重要性，并提供了一个相空间，在该相空间中可以观察到这种自发的流动逆转。我们的研究结果表明，新的实验调查的作用，控制脉冲的活动在生活系统陷入复杂的微环境。
英文摘要：
Complex interactions between cellular systems and their surrounding extracellular matrices are emerging as important mechanical regulators of cell functions such as proliferation, motility, and cell death, and such cellular systems are often characterized by pulsating acto-myosin activities. Here, using an active gel model, we numerically explore the spontaneous flow generation by activity pulses in the presence of a viscoelastic medium. The results show that cross-talk between the activity-induced deformations of the viscoelastic surroundings with the time-dependent response of the active medium to these deformations can lead to the reversal of spontaneously generated active flows. We explain the mechanism behind this phenomenon based on the interaction between the active flow and the viscoelastic medium. We show the importance of relaxation timescales of both the polymers and the active particles and provide a phase-space over which such spontaneous flow reversals can be observed. Our results suggest new experiments investigating the role of controlled pulses of activity in living systems ensnared in complex mircoenvironments.
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