弹性网络中的液体分层：空化、渗透还是尺寸选择？
Liquid demixing in elastic networks: cavitation, permeation, or size selection?
摘要：
经由液-液相分离（LLPS）的多组分生物分子系统的分层已经成为一种潜在的统一机制，其控制几种无膜细胞内细胞器（“缩合物”）的形成，所述细胞器既在细胞质中（例如，应力颗粒）和核质中（例如，核仁）。虽然在体内实验和合成系统的研究表明，LLPS是强烈的大分子弹性网络的存在下，这样的网络LLPS的作用的基本理解仍然缺乏。在这里，我们表明，负责网络驱逐，小规模的异质性的网络，其非线性力学性能的毛细管力占后，一个有趣的图片LLPS出现。具体来说，我们预测，除了实验观察到的空化液滴完全排除网络，其他两个阶段是可能的：弹性逮捕，在网络孔隙尺度的大小有限的液滴，和网络，包括宏观液滴。特别是，孔径有限的液滴可能出现在染色质网络，与核质凝聚物的结构和功能的影响。
英文摘要：
Demixing of multicomponent biomolecular systems via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a potentially unifying mechanism governing the formation of several membrane-less intracellular organelles ("condensates"), both in the cytoplasm (e.g., stress granules) and in the nucleoplasm (e.g., nucleoli). While both in vivo experiments and studies of synthetic systems demonstrate that LLPS is strongly affected by the presence of a macromolecular elastic network, a fundamental understanding of the role of such networks on LLPS is still lacking. Here we show that, upon accounting for capillary forces responsible for network expulsion, small-scale heterogeneity of the network, and its nonlinear mechanical properties, an intriguing picture of LLPS emerges. Specifically, we predict that, in addition to the experimentally observed cavitated droplets which fully exclude the network, two other phases are thermodynamically possible: elastically arrested, size-limited droplets at the network pore scale, and network-including macroscopic droplets. In particular, pore size-limited droplets may emerge in chromatin networks, with implications for structure and function of nucleoplasmic condensates.
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