基于5 μW标准单元存储器的可配置高维计算加速器
A 5 μW Standard Cell Memory-based Configurable Hyperdimensional Computing Accelerator for Always-on Smart Sensing
摘要：
超维计算（Hyperdimensional Computing，HDC）是一种基于向量的高维整体表示的脑启发计算范式。由于其固有的错误弹性和高度并行硬件实现的适用性，它最近获得了嵌入式智能传感的关注。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个可编程的全数字CMOS实现一个完全自主的HDC加速器始终在能量受限的传感器节点分类。通过使用高能效的标准单元存储器（SCM），该设计很容易跨技术映射。它实现了极低的功耗，在典型应用中为5 $μW$，并在布局后仿真中实现了高达3 $\times$的最新（SoA）数字架构的能效改进，用于EMG手势识别等始终在线的可穿戴任务。作为加速器的架构的一部分，我们引入了新的硬件友好的实施例的共同的HDC算法原语，这导致在3.3 $\times$技术缩放面积减少的SoA，实现相同的精度水平，在所有检查的目标。所提出的架构还具有完全可配置的数据路径，该数据路径使用针对存储在基于集成SCM的配置存储器上的HDC优化的微代码，使得设计在HDC算法灵活性方面具有“通用性”。这种灵活性允许在新的HDC任务中使用加速器，例如，应用于滚珠轴承故障检测任务的新设计的HDC。
英文摘要：
Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is a brain-inspired computing paradigm based on high-dimensional holistic representations of vectors. It recently gained attention for embedded smart sensing due to its inherent error-resiliency and suitability to highly parallel hardware implementations. In this work, we propose a programmable all-digital CMOS implementation of a fully autonomous HDC accelerator for always-on classification in energy-constrained sensor nodes. By using energy-efficient standard cell memory (SCM), the design is easily cross-technology mappable. It achieves extremely low power, 5 $μW$ in typical applications, and an energy-efficiency improvement over the state-of-the-art (SoA) digital architectures of up to 3$\times$ in post-layout simulations for always-on wearable tasks such as EMG gesture recognition. As part of the accelerator's architecture, we introduce novel hardware-friendly embodiments of common HDC-algorithmic primitives, which results in 3.3$\times$ technology scaled area reduction over the SoA, achieving the same accuracy levels in all examined targets. The proposed architecture also has a fully configurable datapath using microcode optimized for HDC stored on an integrated SCM based configuration memory, making the design "general-purpose" in terms of HDC algorithm flexibility. This flexibility allows usage of the accelerator across novel HDC tasks, for instance, a newly designed HDC applied to the task of ball bearing fault detection.
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