球形撞击器斜撞击时的射流
Jetting during oblique impacts of spherical impactors
摘要：
在撞击的早期阶段，少量材料可能以超过撞击速度的速度喷射和喷出。喷射是在相对低速冲击期间产生熔体的重要过程。冲击角度如何影响喷射过程尚未完全了解。在这里，我们模拟喷射过程中使用iSALE冲击物理代码的倾斜影响。假设目标和撞击物具有相同的成分（纯橄榄岩），我们检查喷射的物质超过撞击速度。我们的研究结果表明，倾斜的影响总是产生更多的喷射喷出物比垂直的影响，除了与冲击角$< 15^{\circ}$的掠入射。45 $^{\circ}$的撞击速度为3 km/s，产生的喷射物质等于撞击物质量的$\sim$ 7 \%。这是在类似冲击条件下垂直冲击产生的喷射质量的6倍。我们还发现，喷射的喷出物的起源取决于影响角度;对于小于45 $^{\circ}$的影响角度，大部分的射流是由冲击材料，而在较高的影响角度的射流是由目标材料为主。我们的研究结果与以前的实验工作是一致的。在所有情况下，喷射的材料优先分布在撞击器的下游。
英文摘要：
During the early stages of an impact a small amount material may be jetted and ejected at speeds exceeding the impact velocity. Jetting is an important process for producing melt during relatively low velocity impacts. How impact angle affects the jetting process has yet to be fully understood. Here, we simulate jetting during oblique impacts using the iSALE shock physics code. Assuming both the target and impactor have the same composition (dunite), we examine the jetted material which exceeds the impact velocity. Our results show that oblique impacts always produce more jetted ejecta than vertical impacts, except for grazing impacts with impact angles $< 15^{\circ}$. A 45$^{\circ}$ impact with an impact velocity of 3 km/s produces jetted material equal to $\sim$ 7 \% of the impactor mass. This is 6 times the jetted mass produced by a vertical impact with similar impact conditions. We also find that the origin of jetted ejecta depends on impact angle; for impact angles less than 45$^{\circ}$, most of the jet is composed of impactor material, while at higher impact angles the jet is dominated by target material. Our findings are consistent with previous experimental work. In all cases, jetted materials are preferentially distributed downrange of the impactor.
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