AI研究的私有化：原因与潜在后果--从大学与产业的互动到公共研究人才的流失？
The Privatization of AI Research(-ers): Causes and Potential Consequences -- From university-industry interaction to public research brain-drain?
摘要：
私营部门在基础人工智能（AI）研发中发挥着越来越重要的作用。这一现象反映在研究人员从学术界到工业界的人才流失的看法上，这引起了人们对人工智能研究私有化的担忧，这可能会限制其社会效益。我们通过量化产业界和学术界之间的过渡流并研究其驱动因素和潜在后果，为证据库做出贡献。我们发现，研究人员从学术界向工业界的净流动越来越多，特别是从精英机构进入谷歌、微软和Facebook等科技公司。我们的生存回归分析显示，在深度学习领域工作的研究人员以及那些具有较高平均影响力的研究人员更有可能进入行业。一个差异中的差异分析的影响切换到行业的研究人员的影响力代理引用表明，最初的影响力增加下降，研究人员花更多的时间在行业。这表明人工智能知识的私有化与那些高影响力的研究人员留在学术界的反事实相比。我们的研究结果强调了加强公共人工智能研究领域的重要性，以确保这项强大技术的未来不会被私人利益所主导。
英文摘要：
The private sector is playing an increasingly important role in basic Artificial Intelligence (AI) R&D. This phenomenon, which is reflected in the perception of a brain drain of researchers from academia to industry, is raising concerns about a privatisation of AI research which could constrain its societal benefits. We contribute to the evidence base by quantifying transition flows between industry and academia and studying its drivers and potential consequences. We find a growing net flow of researchers from academia to industry, particularly from elite institutions into technology companies such as Google, Microsoft and Facebook. Our survival regression analysis reveals that researchers working in the field of deep learning as well as those with higher average impact are more likely to transition into industry. A difference-in-differences analysis of the effect of switching into industry on a researcher's influence proxied by citations indicates that an initial increase in impact declines as researchers spend more time in industry. This points at a privatisation of AI knowledge compared to a counterfactual where those high-impact researchers had remained in academia. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening the public AI research sphere in order to ensure that the future of this powerful technology is not dominated by private interests.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
