声波和水面波中的偏振奇点和莫比乌斯带
Polarization singularities and Möbius strips in sound and water-surface waves
摘要：
我们表明，极化奇点，任何复杂的矢量场，但迄今为止主要研究电磁场的通用，自然出现在非均匀但单色的声音和水面（例如，重力或毛细）波场。这些波的矢量特性由表征介质粒子的局部振荡运动的速度场或位移场来描述。我们考虑了一些例子，揭示C-点的纯圆偏振和偏振莫比乌斯带（形成的偏振椭圆主轴）周围的C-点的声音和重力波领域。我们的结果（i）为研究复矢量波场的偏振奇异性和拓扑特征提供了一个新的易于访问的平台，（ii）可以在表征矢量（例如，偶极）在声学和流体力学中的波-物质相互作用。
英文摘要：
We show that polarization singularities, generic for any complex vector field but so far mostly studied for electromagnetic fields, appear naturally in inhomogeneous yet monochromatic sound and water-surface (e.g., gravity or capillary) wave fields in fluids or gases. The vector properties of these waves are described by the velocity or displacement fields characterizing the local oscillatory motion of the medium particles. We consider a number of examples revealing C-points of purely circular polarization and polarization Möbius strips (formed by major axes of polarization ellipses) around the C-points in sound and gravity wave fields. Our results (i) offer a new readily accessible platform for studies of polarization singularities and topological features of complex vector wavefields and (ii) can play an important role in characterizing vector (e.g., dipole) wave-matter interactions in acoustics and fluid mechanics.
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