旋转条件下的强相互作用物质：介绍
Strongly Interacting Matter Under Rotation: An Introduction
摘要：
重核之间的超相对论性碰撞短暂地产生了夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP），这是一种新的物质状态，其特征是在大爆炸后的几微秒内出现了去束缚的部分子。QGP的性质引起了人们的强烈兴趣，几十年来已经发展了一个大型社区来生产，测量和理解这种原始等离子体。等离子体被认为是一种强耦合的流体，具有显著的性质，流体力学通常用于量化和建模系统。任何流体的一个重要特征是它的涡度，与局部角动量密度有关;然而，这种自由度受到的关注相对较少，因为没有检测到涡度的实验信号。由于最近的高统计数据集从实验的精确跟踪和完整的运动学覆盖在对撞机的能量，超子自旋极化测量已经开始揭示在相对论重离子对撞机创建的QGP的涡度。将这种新的自由度注入到一个相对成熟的研究领域，代表了一个巨大的机会，可以产生对QGP物理学的新见解。社区反应热烈，这本书（将作为一卷出版的物理学系列讲座笔记由施普林格）代表了一些不同的调查线的方面，强相互作用的物质旋转。
英文摘要：
Ultrarelativistic collisions between heavy nuclei briefly generate the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a new state of matter characterized by deconfined partons last seen microseconds after the Big Bang. The properties of the QGP are of intense interest, and a large community has developed over several decades, to produce, measure and understand this primordial plasma. The plasma is now recognized to be a strongly-coupled fluid with remarkable properties, and hydrodynamics is commonly used to quantify and model the system. An important feature of any fluid is its vorticity, related to the local angular momentum density; however, this degree of freedom has received relatively little attention because no experimental signals of vorticity had been detected. Thanks to recent high-statistics datasets from experiments with precision tracking and complete kinemetic coverage at collider energies, hyperon spin polarization measurements have begun to uncover the vorticity of the QGP created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The injection of this new degree of freedom into a relatively mature field of research represents an enormous opportunity to generate new insights into the physics of the QGP. The community has responded with enthusiasm, and this book (to be published as a volume of Lecture Notes in Physics series by Springer) represents some of the diverse lines of inquiry into aspects of strongly interacting matter under rotation.
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