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arXiv 2102.00521cs.AI
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通过发现有效的层次规划策略改进人类决策

Improving Human Decision-Making by Discovering Efficient Strategies for Hierarchical Planning

Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems(马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所)

Saksham Consul, Lovis Heindrich, Jugoslav Stojcheski, Falk Lieder

摘要:

为了在现实世界中做出好的决策,人们需要有效的规划策略,因为他们的计算资源是有限的。了解哪些规划策略最适合不同情况下的人,对于理解和改进人类决策非常有用。但我们计算这些策略的能力过去仅限于非常小和非常简单的规划任务。为了克服这一计算瓶颈,我们引入了一种认知启发的强化学习方法,可以通过利用人类行为的层次结构来克服这一限制。其基本思想是将顺序决策问题分解为两个子问题:设定目标和规划如何实现目标。这种层次分解使我们能够在比以前可能的更大和更复杂的任务中发现人类规划的最佳策略。所发现的策略优于现有的规划算法,并实现了超人水平的计算效率。我们证明,教人们使用这些策略显着提高了他们的表现,在顺序决策任务,需要规划多达八个步骤。相比之下,以前的方法都不能提高人类在这些问题上的表现。这些研究结果表明,我们的认知知情的方法使得有可能利用强化学习,以改善人类在复杂的顺序决策问题的决策。未来的工作可以利用我们的方法来开发决策支持系统,改善人类在现实世界中的决策。

英文摘要:

To make good decisions in the real world people need efficient planning strategies because their computational resources are limited. Knowing which planning strategies would work best for people in different situations would be very useful for understanding and improving human decision-making. But our ability to compute those strategies used to be limited to very small and very simple planning tasks. To overcome this computational bottleneck, we introduce a cognitively-inspired reinforcement learning method that can overcome this limitation by exploiting the hierarchical structure of human behavior. The basic idea is to decompose sequential decision problems into two sub-problems: setting a goal and planning how to achieve it. This hierarchical decomposition enables us to discover optimal strategies for human planning in larger and more complex tasks than was previously possible. The discovered strategies outperform existing planning algorithms and achieve a super-human level of computational efficiency. We demonstrate that teaching people to use those strategies significantly improves their performance in sequential decision-making tasks that require planning up to eight steps ahead. By contrast, none of the previous approaches was able to improve human performance on these problems. These findings suggest that our cognitively-informed approach makes it possible to leverage reinforcement learning to improve human decision-making in complex sequential decision-problems. Future work can leverage our method to develop decision support systems that improve human decision making in the real world.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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