超越命令：女性主义STS研究和社会机器设计的关键问题
Beyond the Command: Feminist STS Research and Critical Issues for the Design of Social Machines
摘要：
从人工智能数字助理到实体机器人，机器在日常生活中变得越来越普遍。借鉴女性主义科学和技术研究（STS）的观点，我们展示了机器设计师如何不仅仅是制作中性物体，而是机器和人类之间的关系，这些关系与人类社会问题（如性别和权力动态）有关。因此，为了创造一个更加道德和公正的未来，目前支撑这些人机关系设计的主导假设必须受到挑战，并重新定位为公正和包容的关系。本文贡献的“社会机器”作为一个模型的技术设计师谁寻求认识到社会的重要性，多样性和复杂性在他们的工作，并从事与机器的代理权力。在我们的模型中，社会机器被想象成一个潜在的平等关系伙伴，它具有代理权，并且是一个与人类、物体和动物不同但又相关的“他者”。我们批判性地检查和对比我们的模型与机器人技术的趋势，认为机器人作为工具，人类的伴侣，动物或生物，和/或奴隶。通过这样做，我们展示了关于人机关系的根深蒂固的主导假设，并揭示了社会机器设计领域激进思维的挑战。最后，我们提出了两个设计挑战的基础上非拟人化的外形和相互性，并呼吁实验，忘却占主导地位的倾向，重新想象的社会技术的未来。
英文摘要：
Machines, from artificially intelligent digital assistants to embodied robots, are becoming more pervasive in everyday life. Drawing on feminist science and technology studies (STS) perspectives, we demonstrate how machine designers are not just crafting neutral objects, but relationships between machines and humans that are entangled in human social issues such as gender and power dynamics. Thus, in order to create a more ethical and just future, the dominant assumptions currently underpinning the design of these human-machine relations must be challenged and reoriented toward relations of justice and inclusivity. This paper contributes the "social machine" as a model for technology designers who seek to recognize the importance, diversity and complexity of the social in their work, and to engage with the agential power of machines. In our model, the social machine is imagined as a potentially equitable relationship partner that has agency and as an "other" that is distinct from, yet related to, humans, objects, and animals. We critically examine and contrast our model with tendencies in robotics that consider robots as tools, human companions, animals or creatures, and/or slaves. In doing so, we demonstrate ingrained dominant assumptions about human-machine relations and reveal the challenges of radical thinking in the social machine design space. Finally, we present two design challenges based on non-anthropomorphic figuration and mutuality, and call for experimentation, unlearning dominant tendencies, and reimagining of sociotechnical futures.
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