利用电磁信号的到达时间对沿视线的时空进行加权
Weighing the spacetime along the line of sight using times of arrival of electromagnetic signals
摘要：
我们提出了一种新的方法，测量质量密度沿视线，精确测量的基础上的变化的到达时间（TOA）的电磁信号之间传播的两个遥远的区域的时空。TOA变化是在来自两个区域的多个稍微移位的点对之间测量的。这些变化是由于非相对论性的几何效应（Roemer延迟和有限距离效应）以及光传播中的引力效应（引力射线弯曲和Shapiro延迟）。我们表明，从一个足够广泛的样本TOA测量，我们可以确定两个标量量化的时空曲率对光传播的影响，直接关系到的前两个时刻的质量密度分布沿视线。标量的值与我们用于测量的两个时钟系综的角位置或运动状态无关，并且不受视线外质量的任何影响。这些特性可以使质量密度测量非常稳健。该方法的缺点是需要非常精确的信号定时。
英文摘要：
We present a new method of measuring the mass density along the line of sight, based on precise measurements of the variations of the times of arrival (TOA's) of electromagnetic signals propagating between two distant regions of spacetime. The TOA variations are measured between a number of slightly displaced pairs of points from the two regions. These variations are due to the nonrelativistic geometric effects (Roemer delays and finite distance effects) as well as the gravitational effects in the light propagation (gravitational ray bending and Shapiro delays). We show that from a sufficiently broad sample of TOA measurements we can determine two scalars quantifying the impact of the spacetime curvature on the light propagation, directly related to the first two moments of the mass density distribution along the line of sight. The values of the scalars are independent of the angular positions or the states of motion of the two clock ensembles we use for the measurement and free from any influence of masses off the line of sight. These properties can make the mass density measurements very robust. The downside of the method is the need for extremely precise signal timing.
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