隐私法对在线用户行为的影响
The Impact of Privacy Laws on Online User Behavior
摘要：
世界各地的政策制定者起草了隐私法，要求在保护消费者隐私和防止使用消费者数据的公司遭受经济损失之间进行权衡。然而，关于隐私法如何影响公司业绩的经验知识很少。因此，本文实证量化了欧盟《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）的实施对在线用户行为的影响，分析了2018年GDPR实施前10个月和实施后18个月期间来自24个行业的6，286个网站的数据。采用合成控制组方法的面板差异估计器隔离了GDPR对用户行为的短期和长期影响。结果表明，平均而言，GDPR对用户数量和使用强度的影响是负面的;例如，在短期和长期内，由于GDPR，网站的总访问量分别下降了4.9%和10%。这些影响可能转化为基于广告的网站在GDPR后18个月的平均收入损失$7 million for e-commerce websites and almost $ 250万美元。GDPR的影响因网站而异，一些行业甚至从中受益;此外，更受欢迎的网站受到的影响较小，这表明GDPR提高了市场集中度。
英文摘要：
Policymakers worldwide draft privacy laws that require trading-off between safeguarding consumer privacy and preventing economic loss to companies that use consumer data. However, little empirical knowledge exists as to how privacy laws affect companies' performance. Accordingly, this paper empirically quantifies the effects of the enforcement of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on online user behavior over time, analyzing data from 6,286 websites spanning 24 industries during the 10 months before and 18 months after the GDPR's enforcement in 2018. A panel differences estimator, with a synthetic control group approach, isolates the short- and long-term effects of the GDPR on user behavior. The results show that, on average, the GDPR's effects on user quantity and usage intensity are negative; e.g., the numbers of total visits to a website decrease by 4.9% and 10% due to GDPR in respectively the short- and long-term. These effects could translate into average revenue losses of $7 million for e-commerce websites and almost $2.5 million for ad-based websites 18 months after GDPR. The GDPR's effects vary across websites, with some industries even benefiting from it; moreover, more-popular websites suffer less, suggesting that the GDPR increased market concentration.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
