Latent Factor Modeling of Users Subjective Perception for Stereoscopic 3D Video Recommendation
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing Kancheepuram（印度坎奇普拉姆信息技术设计与制造学院）；Indian Institute of Technology Madras（印度理工学院马德拉斯分校）
Numerous stereoscopic 3D movies are released every year to theaters and created large revenues. Despite the improvement in stereo capturing and 3D video post-production technology, stereoscopic artifacts which cause viewer discomfort continue to appear even in high-budget films. Existing automatic 3D video quality measurement tools can detect distortions in stereoscopic images or videos, but they fail to consider the viewer's subjective perception of those artifacts, and how these distortions affect their choices. In this paper, we introduce a novel recommendation system for stereoscopic 3D movies based on a latent factor model that meticulously analyse the viewer's subjective ratings and influence of 3D video distortions on their preferences. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first-of-its-kind model that recommends 3D movies based on stereo-film quality ratings accounting correlation between the viewer's visual discomfort and stereoscopic-artifact perception. The proposed model is trained and tested on benchmark Nama3ds1-cospad1 and LFOVIAS3DPh2 S3D video quality assessment datasets. The experiments revealed that resulting matrix-factorization based recommendation system is able to generalize considerably better for the viewer's subjective ratings.
The tremendous growth in 3D (stereo) imaging and display technologies has led to stereoscopic content (video and image) becoming increasingly popular. However, both the subjective and the objective evaluation of stereoscopic video content has not kept pace with the rapid growth of the content. Further, the availability of standard stereoscopic video databases is also quite limited. In this work, we attempt to alleviate these shortcomings. We present a stereoscopic video database and its subjective evaluation. We have created a database containing a set of 144 distorted videos. We limit our att…
In recent years, visual comfort assessment (VCA) for 3D/stereoscopic content has aroused extensive attention. However, much less work has been done on the perceptual evaluation of stereoscopic image retargeting. In this paper, we first build a Stereoscopic Image Retargeting Database (SIRD), which contains source images and retargeted images produced by four typical stereoscopic retargeting methods. Then, the subjective experiment is conducted to assess four aspects of visual distortion, i.e. visual comfort, image quality, depth quality and the overall quality. Furthermore, we propose a Visual …
Objective quality assessment of stereoscopic panoramic images becomes a challenging problem owing to the rapid growth of 360-degree contents. Different from traditional 2D image quality assessment (IQA), more complex aspects are involved in 3D omnidirectional IQA, especially unlimited field of view (FoV) and extra depth perception, which brings difficulty to evaluate the quality of experience (QoE) of 3D omnidirectional images. In this paper, we propose a multi-viewport based fullreference stereo 360 IQA model. Due to the freely changeable viewports when browsing in the head-mounted display (H…
This paper reviews the causes of discomfort in viewing stereoscopic content. These include objective factors, such as misaligned images, as well as subjective factors, such as excessive disparity. Different approaches to the measurement of visual discomfort are also reviewed, in relation to the underlying physiological and psychophysical processes. The importance of understanding these issues, in the context of new display technologies, is emphasized.
Subjective and Objective Quality Assessment Methods of Stereoscopic Videos with Visibility Affecting Distortions
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing Kancheepuram（印度信息技术、设计与制造坎奇普兰学院）；Indian Institute of Technology Indore（印度印多尔理工学院）；Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad（印度海得拉巴理工学院）
Over the last decade, different technologies to visualize 3D scenes have been introduced and improved. These technologies include stereoscopic, multi-view, integral imaging and holographic types. Despite increasing consumer interest; poor image quality, crosstalk or side effects of 3D displays and also the lack of defined broadcast standards has hampered the advancement of 3D displays to the mass consumer market. Also, in real time transmission of 3DTV sequences over packet-based networks may results in visual quality degradations due to packet loss and others. In the conventional 2D videos di…
Asymmetric schemes have widespread applications in the 3D video transmission pipeline. The significance of eye dominance becomes a concern when designing such schemes. In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of eye dominance on the perceptual 3D video quality, a database of representative asymmetric stereoscopic sequences is prepared and the overall 3D quality of these sequences is evaluated through subjective experiments. Experiment results showed that viewers find an asymmetric video more pleasant when the view with higher quality is projected to their dominant eye. Moreover, the e…
Perceptual Depth Quality Assessment of Stereoscopic Omnidirectional Images
School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学计算机科学与信息学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学电气与计算机工程系）
Gustave Eiffel University（古斯塔夫·埃菲尔大学）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）；Xi'an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学）；Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering（仲恺农业工程学院）；University of Bath（巴斯大学）；Xidian University（西安电子科技大学）
Research on image quality assessment (IQA) remains limited mainly due to our incomplete knowledge about human visual perception. Existing IQA algorithms have been designed or trained with insufficient subjective data with a small degree of stimulus variability. This has led to challenges for those algorithms to handle complexity and diversity of real-world digital content. Perceptual evidence from human subjects serves as a grounding for the development of advanced IQA algorithms. It is thus critical to acquire reliable subjective data with controlled perception experiments that faithfully ref…
During Stereoscopic 3D (S3D) video transmission, one or both views can be affected by bit errors and packet losses caused by adverse channel conditions, delay or jitter. Typically, the Human Visual System (HVS) is incapable of aligning and fusing stereoscopic content if one view is affected by artefacts caused by compression, transmission and rendering with distorted patterns being perceived as alterations of the original which presents a shimmering effect known as binocular rivalry and is detrimental to a user's Quality of Experience (QoE). This study attempts to quantify the effects of binoc…
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad（印度理工学院海得拉巴分校）
We present a no reference (NR) quality assessment algorithm for assessing the perceptual quality of natural stereoscopic 3D (S3D) videos. This work is inspired by our finding that the joint statistics of the subband coefficients of motion (optical flow or motion vector magnitude) and depth (disparity map) of natural S3D videos possess a unique signature. Specifically, we empirically show that the joint statistics of the motion and depth subband coefficients of S3D video frames can be modeled accurately using a Bivariate Generalized Gaussian Distribution (BGGD). We then demonstrate that the par…
The quality assessment (QA) of restored low light images is an important tool for benchmarking and improving low light restoration (LLR) algorithms. While several LLR algorithms exist, the subjective perception of the restored images has been much less studied. Challenges in capturing aligned low light and well-lit image pairs and collecting a large number of human opinion scores of quality for training, warrant the design of unsupervised (or opinion unaware) no-reference (NR) QA methods. This work studies the subjective perception of low light restored images and their unsupervised NR QA. Our…
Virtual Reality (VR), which brings immersive experiences to viewers, has been gaining popularity in recent years. A key feature in VR systems is the use of omnidirectional content, which provides 360-degree views of scenes. In this work, we study the human quality perception of omnidirectional images, focusing on different zones surrounding the foveation point. For that purpose, an extensive subjective experiment is carried out to assess the perceptual quality of omnidirectional images with non-uniform quality. Through experimental results, the impacts of different zones are analyzed. Moreover…
Nowadays, 360° video/image has been increasingly popular and drawn great attention. The spherical viewing range of 360° video/image accounts for huge data, which pose the challenges to 360° video/image processing in solving the bottleneck of storage, transmission, etc. Accordingly, the recent years have witnessed the explosive emergence of works on 360° video/image processing. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art works on 360° video/image processing from the aspects of perception, assessment and compression. First, this paper reviews both datasets and visual attention modelling approa…
The rapid increase in user-generated-content (UGC) videos calls for the development of effective video quality assessment (VQA) algorithms. However, the objective of the UGC-VQA problem is still ambiguous and can be viewed from two perspectives: the technical perspective, measuring the perception of distortions; and the aesthetic perspective, which relates to preference and recommendation on contents. To understand how these two perspectives affect overall subjective opinions in UGC-VQA, we conduct a large-scale subjective study to collect human quality opinions on overall quality of videos as…
