通过物理推断实现的全庞加莱偏振测量
Full Poincaré polarimetry enabled through physical inference
摘要：
虽然偏振传感在许多研究领域都至关重要，应用范围从显微镜到航空航天，但传统方法受到与方法相关的误差放大或积累的限制，从而对单次偏振测量的精度和准确度产生了根本性的限制。在这里，我们提出了一种新的测量范式来规避这一点，引入了通用的完整庞加莱生成器的概念，将所有偏振分析器状态映射到单个矢量结构光场中，允许以理论上用户定义的精度在单次拍摄中分析所有矢量分量。为了证明我们的方法的优势，我们使用一个普通的GRIN光学器件作为我们的映射设备，每个矢量分量的平均误差<1%，灵敏度提高了大约三倍，使我们能够感测到传统单次拍摄技术无法测量的弱偏振像差。我们的工作为下一代偏振测量铺平了道路，影响了依赖弱矢量测量的各种应用。
英文摘要：
While polarisation sensing is vital in many areas of research, with applications spanning from microscopy to aerospace, traditional approaches are limited by method-related error amplification or accumulation, placing fundamental limitations on precision and accuracy in single-shot polarimetry. Here, we put forward a new measurement paradigm to circumvent this, introducing the notion of a universal full Poincaré generator to map all polarisation analyser states into a single vectorially structured light field, allowing all vector components to be analysed in a single-shot with theoretically user-defined precision. To demonstrate the advantage of our approach, we use a common GRIN optic as our mapping device and show mean errors of <1% for each vector component, enhancing the sensitivity by around three times, allowing us to sense weak polarisation aberrations not measurable by traditional single-shot techniques. Our work paves the way for next-generation polarimetry, impacting a wide variety of applications relying on weak vector measurement.
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