代际流动动态模型中的机会分配
Allocating Opportunities in a Dynamic Model of Intergenerational Mobility
摘要：
高等教育等机会可以促进代际流动，使个人的社会经济地位高于其父母。我们开发了一个动态模型，用于在流动性存在瓶颈的社会中分配这种机会;最优分配问题反映了当代机会所带来的好处与提高接受者社会经济地位的潜力之间的权衡，以能够进一步受益于机会的方式塑造后代的构成。我们展示了我们模型中的最优分配是如何作为多代连续优化问题的解决方案出现的，并且我们发现，一般来说，这些最优解决方案可以有利于低社会经济地位的接受者，而不是表现稍好的高社会经济地位的个人-我们模型中的社会在追求纯粹的回报最大化目标时发现的一种社会经济平权行动。我们的特征模型的结构可以导致临时或持久的平权行动，我们认为扩展的模型与更复杂的过程调节不同层次的社会经济地位之间的运动。
英文摘要：
Opportunities such as higher education can promote intergenerational mobility, leading individuals to achieve levels of socioeconomic status above that of their parents. We develop a dynamic model for allocating such opportunities in a society that exhibits bottlenecks in mobility; the problem of optimal allocation reflects a trade-off between the benefits conferred by the opportunities in the current generation and the potential to elevate the socioeconomic status of recipients, shaping the composition of future generations in ways that can benefit further from the opportunities. We show how optimal allocations in our model arise as solutions to continuous optimization problems over multiple generations, and we find in general that these optimal solutions can favor recipients of low socioeconomic status over slightly higher-performing individuals of high socioeconomic status -- a form of socioeconomic affirmative action that the society in our model discovers in the pursuit of purely payoff-maximizing goals. We characterize how the structure of the model can lead to either temporary or persistent affirmative action, and we consider extensions of the model with more complex processes modulating the movement between different levels of socioeconomic status.
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