振幅接近量子极限的储存氘束集体振荡的首次探测
First detection of collective oscillations of a stored deuteron beam with an amplitude close to the quantum limit
摘要：
研究了在失谐射频维恩滤波器激励下，COSY储存环中氘束流的相干振荡。束流振荡由常规束流位置监测器检测。与目前可用的设备，我们表明，振荡幅度下降到\SI{1}{\micro \meter}可以检测到。存储的光束失谐的射频Wien滤波器的响应的解释是基于模拟的光束演化的晶格的环和现实的时间相关的3D场地图的Wien滤波器。然而，未来质子电偶极矩的测量将需要在亚皮米范围内控制反向传播光束的相对位置。由于在这里存储的光束可以被认为是一个稀薄的气体的不相关的粒子，我们还证明了零点（基态）的振幅的个别粒子的电子感应加速器振荡的海森堡不确定性极限只有大约10的因素。因此，我们得出结论，量子力学并不排除控制的光束质心亚皮米精度。我们能够确定的作用在单个粒子上的最小洛伦兹力是\SI{10}{aN}。
英文摘要：
We investigated coherent betatron oscillations of a deuteron beam in the storage ring COSY, excited by a detuned radio-frequency Wien filter. The beam oscillations were detected by conventional beam position monitors. With the currently available apparatus, we show that oscillation amplitudes down to \SI{1}{\micro \meter} can be detected. The interpretation of the response of the stored beam to the detuned radio-frequency Wien filter is based on simulations of the beam evolution in the lattice of the ring and realistic time-dependent 3D field maps of the Wien filter. Future measurements of the electric dipole moment of protons will, however, require control of the relative position of counter-propagating beams in the sub-picometer range. Since here the stored beam can be considered as a rarefied gas of uncorrelated particles, we moreover demonstrate that the amplitudes of the zero-point (ground state) betatron oscillations of individual particles are only a factor of about 10 larger than the Heisenberg uncertainty limit. As a consequence of this, we conclude that quantum mechanics does not preclude the control of the beam centroids to sub-picometer accuracy. The smallest Lorentz force exerted on a single particle that we have been able to determine is \SI{10}{aN}.
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