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arXiv 2101.07550cs.DScs.CC
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上支配集:路径宽度和次指数逼近的紧算法

Upper Dominating Set: Tight Algorithms for Pathwidth and Sub-Exponential Approximation

Louis Dublois, Michael Lampis, Vangelis Th. Paschos

摘要:

上支配集是图的最小支配集。在\textsc{Upper Dominating Set}问题中,目标是找到最大尺寸的上支配集。我们研究了\textsc{Upper Dominating Set}的参数化算法的复杂性,以及它的次指数近似。首先,我们证明,在ETH下,\textsc{$k$-Upper Dominating Set}不能解决时间$O(n^{o(k)})$(改进$O(n^{o(\sqrt{k})})$),并在同一时间,我们表明在相同的复杂性假设下,对于任何恒定比例$r$和任何$\varepsilon > 0$,没有$r$ -近似算法运行在时间$O(n^{k^{1-\varepsilon}})$。然后,我们解决了问题的复杂性参数的路径宽度通过给出一个算法运行的时间$O^*(6^{pw})$(改进当前最好的$O^*(7^{pw})$),和一个下界表明,我们的算法是最好的,我们可以得到的SETH。此外,我们得到一个简单的次指数近似算法这个问题:一个算法,产生一个$r$近似时间$n^{O(n/r)}$,任何所需的近似比$r < n$。最后,我们证明了这种时间近似的权衡是紧密的,直到第二指数中的任意小常数:在随机ETH下,对于任何比例的$r > 1$和$\varepsilon > 0$,没有算法可以输出时间上的$r$近似$n^{(n/r)^{1-\varepsilon}}$。因此,我们完全刻画了问题在次指数时间内的逼近性。

英文摘要:

An upper dominating set is a minimal dominating set in a graph. In the \textsc{Upper Dominating Set} problem, the goal is to find an upper dominating set of maximum size. We study the complexity of parameterized algorithms for \textsc{Upper Dominating Set}, as well as its sub-exponential approximation. First, we prove that, under ETH, \textsc{$k$-Upper Dominating Set} cannot be solved in time $O(n^{o(k)})$ (improving on $O(n^{o(\sqrt{k})})$), and in the same time we show under the same complexity assumption that for any constant ratio $r$ and any $\varepsilon > 0$, there is no $r$-approximation algorithm running in time $O(n^{k^{1-\varepsilon}})$. Then, we settle the problem's complexity parameterized by pathwidth by giving an algorithm running in time $O^*(6^{pw})$ (improving the current best $O^*(7^{pw})$), and a lower bound showing that our algorithm is the best we can get under the SETH. Furthermore, we obtain a simple sub-exponential approximation algorithm for this problem: an algorithm that produces an $r$-approximation in time $n^{O(n/r)}$, for any desired approximation ratio $r < n$. We finally show that this time-approximation trade-off is tight, up to an arbitrarily small constant in the second exponent: under the randomized ETH, and for any ratio $r > 1$ and $\varepsilon > 0$, no algorithm can output an $r$-approximation in time $n^{(n/r)^{1-\varepsilon}}$. Hence, we completely characterize the approximability of the problem in sub-exponential time.

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