Although Boltzmann's definition of entropy, and, hence, the existence of negative temperatures, are widely accepted, we will show scenarios which apparently at a first glance are inconsistent with our normal notion of thermodynamics. This is shown in the framework of stochastic thermodynamics for special geometrical frustrated systems (GFSs), which have maximum entropy at its ground state and constant negative temperature. For two GFSs in weak thermal contact and at same temperature, all energetic constellations are equal probable. A hot and a cool GFS in contact is driven by entropic forces via heat transfer to a most probable state in which the hot GFS is in its ground state. The same holds for a GFS in contact with a gas. As this is not a local maximum of entropy both subsystems maintain different temperatures here. Re-parametrization can transform these non-local into local maxima with corresponding equivalence of re-defined temperatures. However, these temperatures cannot be assigned solely to a subsystem but describe combinations of both.The non-local maxima of entropy restrict the naive application of the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Reformulated this law is still valid with the consequence that a GFS at constant negative temperature can measure positive temperatures. A GFS combined with a polarized paramagnetic spin gas may have a local or non-local maxima of entropy, with equivalent or non-equivalent temperatures, respectively. In case of a local maximum the spin gas can measure the temperature of the GFS, however, it does not reveal information about its energetic state.
Local lattice disorder in the geometrically-frustrated spin glass pyrochlore Y2Mo2O7
几何受挫的自旋玻璃Y2 Mo 2 O 7已被广泛认为是结晶有序的唯一的最近邻磁交换相互作用，J.为了测试这一论断，我们提出了X射线吸收精细结构的结果为Mo和Y K边缘作为温度的函数，并将它们与结果从有序的烧绿石，Tl 2 Mn 2 O 7。我们发现Mo-Mo对的距离在与Y-Mo对近似成直角的方向上是显著无序的。这些结果强烈表明，晶格无序成核的自旋玻璃相在这种材料中。
