量子互联网-应用，功能，使能技术，挑战和研究方向
Quantum Internet- Applications, Functionalities, Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions
摘要：
我们使用的先进的笔记本电脑、手机和互联网应用程序都植根于0和1的经典通信比特。经典的互联网是在数学和香农的信息论的融合中建立起来的。但今天的互联网技术是窃听者的游乐场。这对依赖于经典互联网技术的各种应用提出了严峻的挑战。这促使研究人员转向更安全的新技术。通过探索量子效应，研究人员为量子网络铺平了道路，量子网络提供了安全性、隐私性和一系列功能，如量子计算、通信和计量学。量子互联网的实现需要各个远程节点之间通过由量子密码协议保护的量子信道进行量子通信。这种网络依赖于量子比特（qubit），它可以同时取0和1的值。由于量子比特的纠缠、隐形传态和叠加等特殊性质，量子网络在许多方面比传统网络更具优势。但与此同时，量子比特的远距离传输是一项艰巨的任务，人们正在对这种距离上的量子隐形传态进行广泛的研究，这将在不久的将来成为物理实现量子互联网的突破口。本文对量子互联网的功能、技术、应用和开放挑战进行了广泛的调查，以帮助读者对全球量子互联网发展所需的基础设施有一个基本的了解。
英文摘要：
The advanced notebooks, mobile phones, and internet applications in today's world that we use are all entrenched in classical communication bits of zeros and ones. Classical internet has laid its foundation originating from the amalgamation of mathematics and Claude Shannon's theory of information. But today's internet technology is a playground for eavesdroppers. This poses a serious challenge to various applications that relies on classical internet technology. This has motivated the researchers to switch to new technologies that are fundamentally more secure. Exploring the quantum effects, researchers paved the way into quantum networks that provide security, privacy and range of capabilities such as quantum computation, communication and metrology. The realization of quantum internet requires quantum communication between various remote nodes through quantum channels guarded by quantum cryptographic protocols. Such networks rely upon quantum bits (qubits) that can simultaneously take the value of zeros and ones. Due to extraordinary properties of qubits such as entanglement, teleportation and superposition, it gives an edge to quantum networks over traditional networks in many ways. But at the same time transmitting qubits over long distances is a formidable task and extensive research is going on quantum teleportation over such distances, which will become a breakthrough in physically realizing quantum internet in near future. In this paper, quantum internet functionalities, technologies, applications and open challenges have been extensively surveyed to help readers gain a basic understanding of infrastructure required for the development of global quantum internet.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
