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arXiv 2101.04070astro-ph.CO
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测试暗物质与CMB光谱畸变的相互作用

Testing dark matter interactions with CMB spectral distortions

Yacine Ali-Haïmoud

摘要:

利用宇宙微波背景(CMB)的光谱畸变(SD)可以检验暗物质(DM)与标准模型(SM)粒子可能的相互作用。特别地,与光子、电子或原子核弹性散射的非相对论DM粒子将负化学势$μ$印记到CMB光谱。本文回顾了这种效应的第一项研究,并对DM和SM颗粒之间的热交换进行了准确的处理。我们表明,在原来的研究中所作的瞬时解耦近似系统和显着低估了SD的幅度。因此,我们得到更严格的上限DM质量$m_χ\lesssim 0.1$兆电子伏的DM-SM弹性散射截面,从非检测$μ$ -扭曲FIRAS。我们还表明,未来的仪器,如PIXIE,敏感的$|μ| \sim 10^{-8}$,将能够探测DM-SM横截面比第一次预测的小得多,数量级低于目前的上限从CMB各向异性数据,DM质量的$\sim 1$ GeV。最后,我们研究了SDs对DM的电和磁偶极矩的敏感性。虽然SD可以放置在这些模型上的非平凡的约束,我们发现,即使是未来的SD实验是不太可能改善的最佳当前界限。这篇文章是伴随着公共代码DMDIST,它允许一个通用的粒子DM模型计算CMB SD,指定的截面弹性散射和湮灭到SM粒子。

英文摘要:

Possible interactions of dark matter (DM) with Standard Model (SM) particles can be tested with spectral distortions (SDs) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In particular, a non-relativistic DM particle that scatters elastically with photons, electrons or nuclei imprints a negative chemical potential $μ$ to the CMB spectrum. This article revisits the first study of this effect, with an accurate treatment of heat exchange between DM and SM particles. We show that the instantaneous-decoupling approximation made in the original study systematically and significantly underestimates the amplitude of SDs. As a consequence, we derive tighter upper bounds to the DM-SM elastic-scattering cross section for DM masses $m_χ\lesssim 0.1$ MeV, from the non-detection of $μ$-distortions by FIRAS. We also show that a future instrument like PIXIE, sensitive to $|μ| \sim 10^{-8}$, would be able to probe DM-SM cross sections much smaller than first forecasted, and orders of magnitude below current upper limits from CMB-anisotropy data, up to DM masses of $\sim 1$ GeV. Lastly, we study the sensitivity of SDs to the electric and magnetic dipole moments of the DM. Although SDs can place non-trivial constraints on these models, we find that even future SD experiments are unlikely to improve upon the best current bounds. This article is accompanied by the public code DMDIST, which allows one to compute CMB SDs for generic particle-DM models, specified by their cross sections for elastic scattering with and annihilation into SM particles.

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