众筹真的能促进创新吗？来自桌面游戏行业的证据
Does Crowdfunding Really Foster Innovation? Evidence from the Board Game Industry
摘要：
众筹为发明家和企业家提供了另一种获得资源的途径，他们可以利用这些资源来发展和实现自己的想法。除了帮助获得资金，众筹还将创作者与提供公众反馈的早期支持者联系起来。但是，这一过程是否会产生真正的创新成果？众筹在一个行业中的扩散是否使其整体更具创新性？以前的研究调查众筹和创新之间的联系没有比较传统和众筹的产品，因此，虽然声称众筹支持创新在理论上是合理的，但他们缺乏经验支持。我们使用一个独特的棋盘游戏数据集来解决这一差距，这是一个近年来具有重大众筹活动的行业。每个游戏是如何结合的基本机制，如骰子滚动，谈判和资源管理，从我们开发的定量措施，在游戏设计中的创新。使用这些方法来比较游戏，我们发现众筹游戏往往比传统发行的游戏更有特色。他们也更有可能实施新的机制组合。众筹游戏并不只是短暂的实验：后续的游戏模仿他们的新颖想法。这些结果在控制游戏和设计师级混杂因素的回归模型中保持不变。我们的研究结果表明，众筹的创新潜力超越了单个产品，扩展到整个行业，因为新的想法会溢出到传统资助的产品中。
英文摘要：
Crowdfunding offers inventors and entrepreneurs alternative access to resources with which they can develop and realize their ideas. Besides helping to secure capital, crowdfunding also connects creators with engaged early supporters who provide public feedback. But does this process foster truly innovative outcomes? Does the proliferation of crowdfunding in an industry make it more innovative overall? Prior studies investigating the link between crowdfunding and innovation do not compare traditional and crowdfunded products and so while claims that crowdfunding supports innovation are theoretically sound, they lack empirical backing. We address this gap using a unique dataset of board games, an industry with significant crowdfunding activity in recent years. Each game is described by how it combines fundamental mechanisms such as dice-rolling, negotiation, and resource-management, from which we develop quantitative measures of innovation in game design. Using these measures to compare games, we find that crowdfunded games tend to be more distinctive from previous games than their traditionally published counterparts. They are also significantly more likely to implement novel combinations of mechanisms. Crowdfunded games are not just transient experiments: subsequent games imitate their novel ideas. These results hold in regression models controlling for game and designer-level confounders. Our findings demonstrate that the innovative potential of crowdfunding goes beyond individual products to entire industries, as new ideas spill over to traditionally funded products.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
