太阳磁（Hale）周期与$aa$地磁指数中的27天回归
The Sun's magnetic (Hale) cycle and 27 day recurrences in the $aa$ geomagnetic index
摘要：
我们构建了一个新的太阳活动周期相位时钟，它将过去18个太阳活动周期中的每一个映射到大约22年海尔（磁极性）周期的单个归一化历元上，使用自1818年以来每日太阳黑子数（SSN）的希尔伯特变换。太阳极大值的出现几乎没有海尔周期的依赖性，证实了时钟是同步的极性反转。奇数周期最小值领先偶数周期最小值约1.1标准化年，而奇数周期终止子（McIntosh et al.（2019））落后偶数周期终止子约2.3标准化年。因此，对于奇数周期，最小终止符间隔相对延长，而对于偶数周期，最小终止符间隔缩短。我们重新设计了Sargent（1985，2021）R27指数，并将其与我们的历元分析相结合，得到了aa，<acv（27）>中27天复发的高时间分辨率参数。这表明向重现的转变，即向高速气流主导的有序太阳风的转变是快速的，发生在2-3个太阳自转或更短的时间内，它解决了一个扩展的晚期下降阶段，该阶段在偶数Schwabe周期上的时间大约是奇数周期的两倍。银河宇宙线通量与<acv（27）>同步上升，但随后保持较高水平。我们的分析还确定了一个缓慢的时间尺度的趋势，简单地跟踪Gleissberg周期的SSN。我们发现，这种趋势与太阳黑子纬度模的慢时标趋势是同相的，而与R27指数的慢时标趋势是反相的。
英文摘要：
We construct a new solar cycle phase clock which maps each of the last 18 solar cycles onto a single normalized epoch for the approximately 22 year Hale (magnetic polarity) cycle, using the Hilbert transform of daily sunspot numbers (SSN) since 1818. The occurrences of solar maxima show almost no Hale cycle dependence, confirming that the clock is synchronized to polarity reversals. The odd cycle minima lead the even cycle minima by ~ 1.1 normalized years, whereas the odd cycle terminators (McIntosh et al. (2019)) lag the even cycle terminators by ~ 2.3 normalized years. The mimimum-terminator interval is thus relatively extended for odd cycles and shortened for even ones. We re-engineer the Sargent(1985,2021) R27 index and combine it with our epoch analysis to obtain a high time resolution parameter for 27 day recurrence in aa, <acv(27)>. This reveals that the transition to recurrence, that is, to an ordered solar wind dominated by high speed streams, is fast, occurring within 2-3 solar rotations or less. It resolves an extended late declining phase which is approximately twice as long on even Schwabe cycles as odd. Galactic Cosmic Ray flux rises in step with <acv(27)> but then stays high. Our analysis also identifies a slow timescale trend in SSN that simply tracks the Gleissberg cycle. We find that this trend is in phase with the slow timescale trend in the modulus of sunspot latitudes, and in antiphase with that of the R27 index.
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