时间透镜光子多普勒测速仪（TL-PDV）
Time-lens Photon Doppler Velocimetry (TL-PDV)
摘要：
我们描述了一个时间透镜，以扩大动态范围的光子多普勒测速（PDV）系统。阐述了时间透镜PDV（TL-PDV）的原理和初步设计，并通过仿真验证了其可行性。在PDV系统中，干涉仪用于测量由于目标运动的多普勒效应而产生的频移。然而，电子设备的采样率可能限制PDV系统的速度范围。四波混频（FWM）时间透镜将二次时间相位应用于非线性FWM介质（诸如集成光子波导或高度非线性光纤）内的光信号。通过光谱隔离混频产物（称为闲频），并且在该FWM时间透镜之前和之后具有适当的色散长度，生成输入信号的时间放大版本。因此，PDV的频移可以用时间透镜的放大因子$M$“减慢”。$M=1$对应于没有TL的常规PDV。$M=10$已被证明可用于TL-PDV。将这种效应用于PDV可以扩展速度测量范围，并允许使用较低带宽的电子设备。TL-PDV将为各种动态材料实验开辟新的途径。
英文摘要：
We describe a time lens to expand the dynamic range of photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) systems. The principle and preliminary design of a time-lens PDV (TL-PDV) are explained and shown to be feasible through simulations. In a PDV system, an interferometer is used for measuring frequency shifts due to the Doppler effect from the target motion. However, the sampling rate of the electronics could limit the velocity range of a PDV system. A four-wave-mixing (FWM) time lens applies a quadratic temporal phase to an optical signal within a nonlinear FWM medium (such as an integrated photonic waveguide or highly nonlinear optical fiber). By spectrally isolating the mixing product, termed the idler, and with appropriate lengths of dispersion prior and after to this FWM time lens, a temporally magnified version of the input signal is generated. Therefore, the frequency shifts of PDV can be "slowed down" with the magnification factor $M$ of the time lens. $M=1$ corresponds to a regular PDV without a TL. $M=10$ has been shown to be feasible for a TL-PDV. Use of this effect for PDV can expand the velocity measurement range and allow the use of lower bandwidth electronics. TL-PDV will open up new avenues for various dynamic materials experiments.
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