使用环境自动压缩的任意环境的数值精确开放量子系统模拟
Numerically exact open quantum systems simulations for arbitrary environments using automated compression of environments
摘要：
描述开放量子系统动力学的核心挑战是，典型环境的希尔伯特空间太大，无法精确处理。在某些情况下，例如当环境具有较短的记忆时间或仅与系统弱交互时，系统的近似描述是可能的。除此之外，还存在数值精确的方法，但这些方法通常仅限于具有高斯相关性的浴，例如非相互作用玻色子。本文提出了一种数值精确的方法来模拟具有任意环境的开放量子系统，这些环境由一组独立的自由度组成。我们的方法自动减少了大量的环境自由度的那些是最相关的。具体来说，我们展示了如何过程张量-它描述了环境的影响-可以迭代地构建和压缩使用矩阵产品状态技术。我们证明了这种方法的力量，通过将其应用到玻色子，费米子和自旋环境的问题：电子输运，声子效应和量子点的辐射衰减，中心自旋动力学，非谐环境，色散耦合到随时间变化的损耗腔模式，和超辐射。我们的自动压缩环境（ACE）方法的通用性和效率提供了一个实用的通用工具，开放量子系统。
英文摘要：
The central challenge for describing the dynamics in open quantum systems is that the Hilbert space of typical environments is too large to be treated exactly. In some cases, such as when the environment has a short memory time or only interacts weakly with the system, approximate descriptions of the system are possible. Beyond these, numerically exact methods exist, but these are typically restricted to baths with Gaussian correlations, such as non-interacting bosons. Here we present a numerically exact method for simulating open quantum systems with arbitrary environments which consist of a set of independent degrees of freedom. Our approach automatically reduces the large number of environmental degrees of freedom to those which are most relevant. Specifically, we show how the process tensor -- which describes the effect of the environment -- can be iteratively constructed and compressed using matrix product state techniques. We demonstrate the power of this method by applying it to problems with bosonic, fermionic, and spin environments: electron transport, phonon effects and radiative decay in quantum dots, central spin dynamics, anharmonic environments, dispersive coupling to time-dependent lossy cavity modes, and superradiance. The versatility and efficiency of our automated compression of environments (ACE) method provides a practical general-purpose tool for open quantum systems.
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