基于几何试验的脂质颈亚稳定性研究
Metastability of lipid necks via geometric triality
摘要：
“颈”是脂质膜的特征，其特征在于具有大曲率，用作不同隔室之间的桥梁。这些特征在细胞的生命周期中普遍存在，并且在诸如分裂、细胞外囊泡摄取和细胞器之间的货物运输等过程中起作用，而且在危及生命的情况下，如在病毒和细菌的内吞作用中。然而，脂颈的存在挑战了我们对膜生物物理学的理解：它们的曲率，通常比其他地方大几个数量级，是积极禁止的，即使细胞有分子机器和信号通路的武器库。使用几何triality，即三个不同类别的几何对象之间的对应关系，在这里，我们证明，脂质颈实际上是亚稳态的，因此可以存在有限的，但潜在的很长一段时间，即使在没有稳定机制。这个框架使我们能够明确地计算一个微粒必须克服的力量，以穿透细胞膜，从而为内/外胞过程的预测理论铺平了道路。
英文摘要：
"Necks" are features of lipid membranes characterized by an uniquley large curvature, functioning as bridges between different compartments. These features are ubiquitous in the life-cycle of the cell and instrumental in processes such as division, extracellular vesicles uptake and cargo transport between organelles, but also in life-threatening conditions, as in the endocytosis of viruses and phages. Yet, the very existence of lipid necks challenges our understanding of membranes biophysics: their curvature, often orders of magnitude larger than elsewhere, is energetically prohibitive, even with the arsenal of molecular machineries and signalling pathways that cells have at their disposal. Using a geometric triality, namely a correspondence between three different classes of geometric objects, here we demonstrate that lipid necks are in fact metastable, thus can exist for finite, but potentially long times even in the absence of stabilizing mechanisms. This framework allows us to explicitly calculate the forces a corpuscle must overcome in order to penetrate cellular membranes, thus paving the way for a predictive theory of endo/exo-cytic processes.
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