人造2D Mott绝缘正方形晶格中的室温超导性及其在大气中产生低损耗电流的高级凝聚相：一种可能的永动机
Room-temperature superconductivity in an artificial 2D Mott-insulating square lattice and its advanced condensed phase that generates a low-loss current in the atmosphere: A possible perpetual motion machine
摘要：
在悬浮铌（Nb）膜上钻周期孔制备的二维金属声子晶体（PnC）在2--300K温度范围内反复冷却和升温。在前五个温度循环期间，金属PnC的电阻根据弗里德尔求和规则逐渐增加，表明相邻通孔之间的窄Nb桥被转换成$d$ -轨道填充的莫特绝缘体。由此产生的2D莫特绝缘正方形晶格是高温超导体（如YBCO和BSCCO）中氧化铜层的晶体学模拟。由此产生的理想Hubbard晶体的后续温度循环在60 K实现零电阻，并且零电阻状态保持高达300 K，保持在大气中（即，在室温下、在地球磁场中和在大气压下）。后者的温度循环的必要性仍然不清楚，在这项研究中，然而，一个可能的过渡机制，涉及相结合的约瑟夫森和充电效应进行了讨论。室温超导体（RTSC）的临界电流和临界磁场分别为$I_{C}$ = 18.8 mA和$μ_{0}H_{\perp}$ = 12 T。一旦超过$I_{C}$的大电流被施加到RTSC，一些$d$电子被挤出，并且形成由p型半导体和超导状态组成的特殊界面。载流子由于电荷浓度的不平衡而扩散，但它们被Andreev反射回来。在可逆的热孤立系中，熵永远不会增加，并且一个简单的实验证实了从界面自发产生的低损耗电流。也就是说，这项研究挑战了被禁止的永动机，它可以解决世界能源危机。
英文摘要：
A 2D metallic phononic crystal (PnC), which is fabricated by drilling periodic holes in a suspended niobium (Nb) film, is repeatedly cooled and warmed in the temperature range of 2--300 K. During the first five temperature cycles, the resistance of the metallic PnC gradually increases in accordance with the Friedel sum rule, indicating that narrow Nb bridges between adjacent thru-holes are converted into $d$-orbital-filled Mott insulators. The consequent 2D Mott-insulating square lattice is a crystallographic analog of a copper oxide layer in high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO and BSCCO. Subsequent temperature cycles of the thus produced ideal Hubbard crystal realize zero resistance at 60 K, and the zero-resistance state remains up to 300 K, being retained in the atmosphere (i.e., at room temperature, in a terrestrial magnetic field, and under atmospheric pressure). The necessity of the latter temperature cycles remains unclear in this study; however, a possible transition mechanism involving the combined Josephson and charging effects is discussed. The critical current and critical field of the room-temperature superconductor (RTSC) are $I_{C}$ = 18.8 mA and $μ_{0}H_{\perp}$ = 12 T, respectively. Once a large current exceeding $I_{C}$ is applied to the RTSC, some of the $d$ electrons are forced out, and a special interface consisting of the p-type semiconducting and superconducting states is formed. Carriers diffuse because of the nonequilibrium charge concentration, but they are Andreev-reflected back. In the reversible, thermally isolated system, the entropy never increases, and a simple experiment confirms a low-loss current generated from the interface spontaneously. That is, this study challenges the forbidden perpetual motion machine which can be a solution to the World energy crisis.
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