Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications are generating and communicating vast quantities of data, and the rate of data collection is increasing rapidly. These high communication volumes are challenging for energy-constrained, data-capped, wireless mobile devices and networked sensors. Compression is commonly used to reduce web traffic, to save energy, and to make network transfers faster. If not used judiciously, however, compression can hurt performance. This work proposes and evaluates mechanisms that employ selective compression at the network's edge, based on data characteristics and network conditions. This approach (i) improves the performance of network transfers in IoT environments, while (ii) providing significant data savings. We demonstrate that our library speeds up web transfers by an average of 2.18x and 2.03x under fixed and dynamically changing network conditions respectively. Furthermore, it also provides consistent data savings, compacting data down to 19% of the original data size.
IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is an essential routing protocol to enable communications for IoT networks with low power devices. RPL uses an objective function and routing constraints to find an optimized routing path for each node in the network. However, recent research has shown that topological attacks, such as selective forwarding attacks, pose great challenges to the secure routing of IoT networks. Many conventional secure routing solutions, on the other hand, are computationally heavy to be directly applied in resource-constrained IoT networks. There is an…
The Internet of Things (IoT), in general, is a compelling paradigm that aims to connect everyday objects to the Internet. Nowadays, IoT is considered as one of the main technologies which contribute towards reshaping our daily lives in the next decade. IoT unlocks many exciting new opportunities in a variety of applications in research and industry domains. However, many have complained about the absence of the real-world IoT data. Unsurprisingly, a common question that arises regularly nowadays is "Does the IoT already exist?". So far, little has been known about the real-world situation on I…
Trinity College Dublin（都柏林大学三一学院）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；IBM T. J. Watson Research Center（IBM T. J.沃森研究中心）
A large number of emerging IoT applications rely on machine learning routines for analyzing data. Executing such tasks at the user devices improves response time and economizes network resources. However, due to power and computing limitations, the devices often cannot support such resource-intensive routines and fail to accurately execute the analytics. In this work, we propose to improve the performance of analytics by leveraging edge infrastructure. We devise an algorithm that enables the IoT devices to execute their routines locally; and then outsource them to cloudlet servers, only if the…
Internet of Things (IoT) is the new industrial slogan for connecting intelligent and unintelligent devices to the web. The problem of security of data transfer, interoperability of different proposed methodologies, the ubiquity of Wi-Fi and the development of low power consuming MCUs has broadened the search for the best alternative technology for IoT in the oil and gas sector. This paper focus on the communication method for IoT devices to determine the level of functionality and the efficiency of interfacing the new MOD-WIFI-ESP8266-DEV Wi-Fi unit based on the IEEE 802.11 standard with MSP43…
Cloud computing provides great benefits for applications hosted on the Web that also have special computational and storage requirements. This paper proposes an extensible and flexible architecture for integrating Wireless Sensor Networks with the Cloud. We have used REST based Web services as an interoperable application layer that can be directly integrated into other application domains for remote monitoring such as e-health care services, smart homes, or even vehicular area networks (VAN). For proof of concept, we have implemented a REST based Web services on an IP based low power WSN test…
The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions billions of sensors deployed around us and connected to the Internet, where the mobile crowd sensing technologies are widely used to collect data in different contexts of the IoT paradigm. Due to the popularity of Big Data technologies, processing and storing large volumes of data has become easier than ever. However, large scale data management tasks still require significant amounts of resources that can be expensive regardless of whether they are purchased or rented (e.g. pay-as-you-go infrastructure). Further, not everyone is interested in such large …
This paper describes the development of a system that enables real time data visualization via a webapp regarding sound intensity using multiple node devices connected through internet. The prototypes were realized using ATmega328 (Arduino Nano) and ESP8266 hardware modules, NodeMCU Arduino wrapper library, Google maps and firebase API along with JavaScript webapp. System architecture is such that multiple node devices will be installed in different locations of the target area. On each node device, an Arduino Nano interfaced with a Sound Sensor measures the ambient sound intensity and ESP8266…
Content replication to many destinations is a common use case in the Internet of Things (IoT). The deployment of IP multicast has proven inefficient, though, due to its lack of layer-2 support by common IoT radio technologies and its synchronous end-to-end transmission, which is highly susceptible to interference. Information-centric networking (ICN) introduced hop-wise multi-party dissemination of cacheable content, which has proven valuable in particular for low-power lossy networking regimes. Even NDN, however, the most prominent ICN protocol, suffers from a lack of deployment. In this pape…
The consumer Internet of Things (IoT) space has experienced a significant rise in popularity in the recent years. From smart speakers, to baby monitors, and smart kettles and TVs, these devices are increasingly found in households around the world while users may be unaware of the risks associated with owning these devices. Previous work showed that these devices can threaten individuals' privacy and security by exposing information online to a large number of service providers and third party analytics services. Our analysis shows that many of these Internet connections (and the information t…
In the next few years, the W3C Web of Things (WoT) platform will represent a reference solution toward the deployment of fully interoperable systems, hence unlocking the potential of the IoT paradigm on several use-cases characterized by the current fragmentation of devices and technologies. At the same time, the worlwide adoption of the W3C WoT architecture depends on many factors, including also the availability of support tools that might facilitate the deployment of novel WoT applications or the integration with traditional IoT systems. To this purpose, the paper presents the WoT Store, a …
Internet of Things (IoT) devices are available in a multitude of scenarios, and provide constant, contextual data which can be leveraged to automatically reconfigure and optimize smart environments. To realize this vision, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning techniques are usually employed, however they need large quantity of data which is often not feasible in IoT scenarios. Digital Twins (DTs) have recently emerged as an effective way to replicate physical entities in the digital domain, to allow for simulation and testing of models and services. In this paper, we present a novel …
The DDoS attack is a serious threat to Internet of Things (IoT). As a new class of DDoS attack, Link-flooding attack (LFA) disrupts connectivity between legitimate IoT devices and target servers by flooding only a small number of links. In this paper, we propose an active LFA mitigation mechanism, called Linkbait, that is a proactive and preventive defense to throttle LFA for IoT. We propose a link obfuscation algorithm in Linkbait that selectively reroutes probing flows to hide target links from adversaries and mislead them to identify bait links as target links. To block attack traffic and f…
We apply the Web of Things (WoT) communication pattern, i.e., the semantic description of metadata and interaction affordances, to Internet of Things (IoT) devices that rely on non-IP-based protocols, using Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) as an example. The reference implementation of the WoT Scripting API, node-wot, currently supports only IP-based application layer protocols such as HTTP and MQTT. However, a significant number of IoT devices do not communicate over IP, but via other network layer protocols, e.g. L2CAP used by Bluetooth LE. To leverage the WoT abstraction in Bluetooth Low Energy co…
Age of Information (AoI) has gained importance as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for characterizing the freshness of information in information-update systems and time-critical applications. Recent theoretical research on the topic has generated significant understanding of how various algorithms perform in terms of this metric on various system models and networking scenarios. In this paper, by the help of the theoretical results, we analyzed the AoI behavior on real-life networks, using our two test-beds, addressing IoT networks and regular computers. Excessive number of AoI measurements …
Nowadays, semantic interoperability is a new keyword in the Internet of Things (IoT) for the exchange of information between sources. The constant need for interaction and cooperation has resulted in the creation of the Semantic Web with the help of tools and reasoners which manage personal information. Given the significance of the IoT and the increasing use of semantic techniques in this field, the present bibliometric investigation was conducted in the domain of semantic reasoning in the IoT. Bibliometrics involves analyzing bibliographic data of scientific sources, and it can be employed t…
Long range, low power networks are rapidly gaining acceptance in the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their ability to economically support long-range sensing and control applications while providing multi-year battery life. LoRa is a key example of this new class of network and is being deployed at large scale in several countries worldwide. As these networks move out of the lab and into the real world, they expose a large cyber-physical attack surface. Securing these networks is therefore both critical and urgent. This paper highlights security issues in LoRa and LoRaWAN that arise due to the…
With the recent advances in radio-frequency identification (RFID), low-cost wireless sensor devices, and Web technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) approach has gained momentum in connecting everyday objects to the Internet and facilitating machine-to-human and machine-to-machine communication with the physical world. While IoT offers the capability to connect and integrate both digital and physical entities, enabling a whole new class of applications and services, several significant challenges need to be addressed before these applications and services can be fully realized. A fundamenta…
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)-based internet of things (IoT) are among the fast booming technologies that drastically contribute to different systems management and resilience data accessibility. Designing a robust IoT network imposes some challenges such as data trustworthiness (DT) and power management. This paper presents a repeated game model to enhance clustered WSNs-based IoT security and DT against the selective forwarding (SF) attack. Besides, the model is capable of detecting the hardware (HW) failure of the cluster members (CMs) and conserve the power consumption due to packet retr…
In the Internet of Things, millions of electronic items, including automobiles, smoke alarms, watches, eyeglasses, webcams, and other devices, are now connected to the Internet (IoT). Aside from the luxury and comfort that the individual obtains in the field of IoT, as well as its ability to communicate and obtain information easily and quickly, the other concerning aspect is the achievement of privacy and security in this connection, especially given the rapid increase in the number of existing and new IoT devices. Concerns, threats, and assaults related to IoT security have been regarded as …
The internet of things (IoT) refers to a framework of interrelated, web associated objects that can gather and move information over a remote network without human interference. With a quick development in the arrangement of IoT gadgets and expanding want to make medical care more financially savvy, customized, and proactive, IoT is ready to assume a solid function in all perspectives of the healthcare industry. In this context, IoT-based healthcare provides several benefits such as instant and reliable treatment, cost reduction, improved communication, etc. by using different new technologies…
The Internet has grown into a large cyber-physical system centered that connects not just computer systems but a plethora of systems, devices, and objects, collectively referred to as "Things", giving rise to the term "Internet of Things" (IoT). It encompasses technologies for identification and tracking, sensing and actuation, both wired and wireless communications, and also, intelligence and cognition. Wireless communications, which is an integral part of IoT, suffers from radio irregularity -- a phenomenon referring to radio waves being selectively absorbed, reflected or scattered by object…
The Internet, at large, remains under the control of service providers and autonomous systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing provide an increasing demand and potential for more user control for their web service workflows. Network Softwarization revolutionizes the network landscape in various stages, from building, incrementally deploying, and maintaining the environment. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) are two core tenets of network softwarization. SDN offers a logically centralized control plane by abstracting away the control of…
Smart agriculture is an evolving trend in agriculture industry, where sensors are embedded into plants to collect vital data and help in decision making to ensure higher quality of crops and prevent pests, disease, and other possible threats. In Saudi Arabia, growing palms is the most important agricultural activity, and there is an increasing need to leverage smart agriculture technology to improve the production of dates and prevent diseases. One of the most critical diseases of palms if the red palm weevil, which is an insect that causes a lot of damage to palm trees and can devast large ar…
