The improved lattice regularization method of the Ashtekar connection holonomy representation in loop quantum gravity is described in this article. The approach is based on the geometric expansion of holonomies into power series up to the quadratic order terms in the regularization parameter. As a result, a more accurate procedure than the currently established approach to the canonical lattice quantization of gravity is obtained. Moreover, if holonomies are defined along linear links, this procedure becomes exact. Furthermore, in the improved method, the symmetry of holonomies assigned to links is directly reflected in the related distribution of connections. Finally, the domain of the lattice-regularized Hamiltonian constraint takes a natural structure of elementary cells sum. Consequently, under certain restrictions, the related scalar constraint operator, which spectrum is independent of intertwiners, can be defined.
In the context of the geometrical interpretation of the spin network states of Loop Quantum Gravity, we look at the holonomies of the Ashtekar-Barbero connection on loops embedded in space-like hyperboloids. We use this simple setting to illustrate two points. First, the Ashtekar-Barbero connection is not a space-time connection, its holonomies depend on the spacetime embedding of the canonical hypersurface. This fact is usually interpreted as an inconvenience, but we use it to extract the extrinsic curvature from the holonomy and separate it from the 3d intrinsic curvature. Second, we show th…
Using self dual Ashtekar variables, we investigate (at the effective level) the spherically symmetry reduced model of loop quantum gravity, both in vacuum and when coupled to a scalar field. Within the real Ashtekar-Barbero formulation, the system scalar field coupled to spherically symmetric gravity is known to possess a non closed (quantum) algebra of constraints once the holonomy corrections are introduced, which forbids the loop quantization of the model. Moreover, the vacuum case, while not anomalous, introduces modifications which are usually interpreted as an effective signature change …
Holonomies of the Ashtekar-Barbero connection can be considered as abstract elements of a Lie group exponentially mapped from their connections representation. This idea provides a possibility to compare the geometric and algebraic properties of these objects. The result allows to identify the next-to-the-leading-order terms in the geometric and algebraic expansion of a holonomy. This identification leads to the verification of the related Hilbert space formulation. If states are the representations of the holonomy's symmetry group, they preserve gauge transformations according to Wigner's the…
We introduce a holomorphic representation for the Lorentzian EPRL spinfoam on arbitrary 2-complexes. The representation is obtained via the Ashtekar-Lewandowski-Marolf-Mourão-Thiemann heat kernel coherent state transform. The new variables are classical holonomy-flux phase space variables $(h,X)\simeq \mathcal T^*SU(2)$ of Hamiltonian loop quantum gravity prescribing the holonomies of the Ashtekar connection $A=Γ+ γK$, and their conjugate gravitational fluxes. For small heat kernel `time' the spinfoam amplitude is peaked on classical space-time geometries, where at most countably many curvatur…
We present quantum holonomy theory, which is a non-perturbative theory of quantum gravity coupled to fermionic degrees of freedom. The theory is based on a C*-algebra that involves holonomy-diffeomorphisms on a 3-dimensional manifold and which encodes the canonical commutation relations of canonical quantum gravity formulated in terms of Ashtekar variables. Employing a Dirac type operator on the configuration space of Ashtekar connections we obtain a semi-classical state and a kinematical Hilbert space via its GNS construction. We use the Dirac type operator, which provides a metric structure …
We show that the set of states of the Ashtekar-Isham-Lewandowski holonomy algebra defined by elements of the Ashtekar-Lewandowski Hilbert space is dense in the space of all states. We consider weak convergence properties of a modified version of the cut-off procedure currently in use in loop quantum gravity. This version is adapted to vector states rather than to general distributions.
The Ashtekar-Barbero-Immirzi formulation of General Relativity is extended to include spinor matter fields. Our formulation applies to generic values of the Immirzi parameter and reduces to the Ashtekar-Romano-Tate approach when the Immirzi parameter is taken equal to the imaginary unit. The dynamics of the gravity-fermions coupled system is described by the Holst plus Dirac action with a non-minimal coupling term. The non-minimal interaction together with the Holst modification to the Hilbert-Palatini action reconstruct the Nieh-Yan invariant, so that the effective action coming out is the on…
The Ashtekar and Ashtekar-Barbero connection variable formulations of Kerr isolated horizons are derived. Using a regular Kinnersley tetrad in horizon-penetrating Kruskal-Szekeres-like coordinates, the spin coefficients of Kerr geometry are determined by solving the first Maurer-Cartan equation of structure. Isolated horizon conditions are imposed on the tetrad and the spin coefficients. A transformation into an orthonormal tetrad frame that is fixed in the time gauge is applied and explicit calculations of the spin connection, the Ashtekar and Ashtekar-Barbero connections, and the correspondi…
Starting from a Hamiltonian description of four dimensional general relativity in presence of a cosmological constant we perform the program of canonical quantisation. This is done using complex Ashtekar variables while keeping the Barbero--Immirzi parameter real. Introducing the SL(2,C) Kodama state formally solving all first class constraints we propose a spinfoam vertex amplitude. We construct SL(2,C) boundary spinnetwork functions coloured by finite dimensional representations of the group, and derive the skein relations needed to calculate the amplitude. The space of boundary states is sh…
We study the Ashtekar formulation of linear gravity starting from the ADM first order action for the non linear theory, linearizing it, and performing a canonical transformation that coordinatizes the phase space in terms of the already linearized Ashtekar variables. The results obtained in this way are in accordance with those obtained through the standard method, in which, after introducing the Ashtekar variables for the full theory, a linearization around the flat Abelian connection and its conjugate momentum is performed.
Anti-self-dual (ASD) Maxwell solutions on 4-dimensional hyperkähler manifolds are constructed. The N=2 supersymmetric half-flat equations are derived in the context of the Ashtekar formulation of N=2 supergravity. These equations show that the ASD Maxwell solutions have a direct connection with the solutions of the reduced N=2 supersymmetric ASD Yang-Mills equations with a special choice of gauge group. Two examples of the Maxwell solutions are presented.
In order to perform accurate and stable long-term numerical integration of the Einstein equations, several hyperbolic systems have been proposed. We here report our numerical comparisons between weakly hyperbolic, strongly hyperbolic, and symmetric hyperbolic systems based on Ashtekar's connection variables. The primary advantage for using this connection formulation is that we can keep using the same dynamical variables for all levels of hyperbolicity. We also study asymptotically constrained systems, "$λ$-system" and "adjusted system", for numerical integration of the Einstein equations, whi…
We introduce the Quantum Holonomy-Diffeomorphism *-algebra, which is generated by holonomy-diffeomorphisms on a 3-dimensional manifold and translations on a space of SU(2)-connections. We show that this algebra encodes the canonical commutation relations of canonical quantum gravity formulated in terms of Ashtekar variables. Furthermore, we show that semi-classical states exist on the holonomy-diffeomorphism part of the algebra but that these states cannot be extended to the full algebra. Via a Dirac type operator we derive a certain class of unbounded operators that act in the GNS constructio…
The non-minimal coupling of a scalar field is considered in the framework of Ashtekar's new variables formulation of gravity. A first order action functional for this system is derived in which the field variables are a tetrad field, and an SL(2,C) connection, together with the scalar field. The tetrad field and the SL(2,C) connection are related to the Ashtekar variables for the vacuum case by a conformal transformation. A canonical analysis shows that for this coupling the equations of Ashtekar's formulation of canonical gravity are non-polynomial in the scalar field. (to be published in Phy…
In this paper we provide a possible realization of Penrose's idea of nonlinear gravitons by constructing a solution to the initial value constraints in Ashtekar variables. The solution inputs are a spatial SU(2) connection and two free functions of position, and can be constructed as a formal operatorial expansion in powers of the cosmological constant about spacetimes of Petrov Type O. We first present the linear case, and then provide a simple nonlinear example to first order using a spatially homogeneous connection.
Scalar cosmological perturbations in loop quantum cosmology (LQC) is revisited in a covariant manner, using self dual Ashtekar variables. For real-valued Ashtekar-Barbero variables, this `deformed algebra' approach has been shown to implement holonomy corrections from loop quantum gravity (LQG) in a consistent manner, albeit deforming the algebra of modified constraints in the process. This deformation has serious conceptual ramifications, not the least of them being an effective `signature-change' in the deep quantum regime. In this paper, we show that working with self dual variables lead to…
We propose an unified approach to loop quantum gravity and Fedosov quantization of gravity following the geometry of double spacetime fibrations and their quantum deformations. There are considered pseudo-Riemannian manifolds enabled with 1) a nonholonomic 2+2 distribution defining a nonlinear connection (N-connection) structure and 2) an Arnowitt-Deser-Misner 3+1 decomposition. The Ashtekar-Barbero variables are generalized and adapted to the N-connection structure which allows us to write the general relativity theory equivalently in terms of Lagrange-Finsler variables and related canonical …
Canonical gravity can be formulated by means of a densitized dreibein together with an SU(2) connection. These so-called Ashtekar variables are the fundamental quantities, loop quantum gravity is resting on. In this paper we review these variables from the perspective of fibre bundles. This is straightforward for the dreibein field as this is simply a frame. The Ashtekar connection, however, is more complicated. It turns out, that at the level of the tangent bundle, it is given by the Levi-Civita connection plus a multiple of the Weingarten mapping, whose action on vector fields is induced fro…
We construct and study Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC) when the Barbero-Immirzi parameter takes the complex value $γ=\pm i$. We refer to this new quantum cosmology as complex Loop Quantum Cosmology. We proceed in making an analytic continuation of the Hamiltonian constraint (with no inverse volume corrections) from real $γ$ to $γ=\pm i$ in the simple case of a flat FLRW Universe coupled to a massless scalar field with no cosmological constant. For that purpose, we first compute the non-local curvature operator (defined by the trace of the holonomy of the connection around a fundamental plaquette)…
This paper contains an introduction into Ashtekar's reformulation of General Relativity in terms of connection variables. To appear in "Canonical Gravity - From Classical to Quantum", ed. by J. Ehlers and H. Friedrich, Springer Verlag (1994).
The machinery of noncommutative geometry is applied to a space of connections. A noncommutative function algebra of loops closely related to holonomy loops is investigated. The space of connections is identified as a projective limit of Lie-groups composed of copies of the gauge group. A spectral triple over the space of connections is obtained by factoring out the diffeomorphism group. The triple consist of equivalence classes of loops acting on a separable hilbert space of sections in an infinite dimensional Clifford bundle. We find that the Dirac operator acting on this hilbert space does n…
We consider special classes of Palatini f(R) theories, featured by additional Loop Quantum Gravity inspired terms, with the aim of identifying a set of modified Ashtekar canonical variables, which still preserve the SU(2) gauge structure of the standard theory. In particular, we allow for affine connection to be endowed with torsion, which turns out to depend on the additional scalar degree affecting Palatini f(R) gravity, and in this respect we successfully construct a novel Gauss constraint. We analyze the role of the additional scalar field, outlining as it acquires a dynamical character by…
In order to perform accurate and stable long-time numerical integration of the Einstein equation, several hyperbolic systems have been proposed. We here present numerical comparisons between weakly hyperbolic, strongly hyperbolic, and symmetric hyperbolic systems based on Ashtekar's connection variables. The primary advantage for using this connection formulation in this experiment is that we can keep using the same dynamical variables for all levels of hyperbolicity. Our numerical code demonstrates gravitational wave propagation in plane symmetric spacetimes, and we compare the accuracy of th…
From the Holst action in terms of complex valued Ashtekar variables additional reality conditions mimicking the linear simplicity constraints of spin foam gravity are found. In quantum theory with the results of You and Rovelli we are able to implement these constraints weakly, that is in the sense of Gupta and Bleuler. The resulting kinematical Hilbert space matches the original one of loop quantum gravity, that is for real valued Ashtekar connection. Our result perfectly fit with recent developments of Rovelli and Speziale concerning Lorentz covariance within spin-form gravity.
A new approach to a unified theory of quantum gravity based on noncommutative geometry and canonical quantum gravity is presented. The approach is built around a *-algebra generated by local holonomy-diffeomorphisms on a 3-manifold and a quantized Dirac type operator; the two capturing the kinematics of quantum gravity formulated in terms of Ashtekar variables. We prove that the separable part of the spectrum of the algebra is contained in the space of measurable connections modulo gauge transformations and we give limitations to the non-separable part. The construction of the Dirac type opera…
We solve perturbative constraints and eliminate gauge freedom for Ashtekar's gravity on de Sitter background. We show that the reduced phase space consists of transverse, traceless, symmetric fluctuations of the triad and of transverse, traceless, symmetric fluctuations of the connection. A part of gauge freedom corresponding to the conformal Killing vectors of the three-manifold can be fixed only by imposing conditions on Lagrange multiplier. The reduced phase space is equivalent to that of ADM gravity on the same background.
We analyze the semiclassical and quantum polymer dynamics of the isotropic Universe in terms of both the standard Ashtekar-Barbero-Immirzi connection and its conjugate momentum and also of the new generalized coordinate conjugate to the Universe volume. We study the properties of the resulting bouncing cosmology that emerges in both the representations and we show that the Big Bounce is an intrinsic cut-off on the cosmological dynamics only when the volume variable is implemented, while in terms of the standard connection the Universe Bounce energy density is fixed by the initial conditions on…
Much of the work in loop quantum gravity and quantum geometry rests on a mathematically rigorous integration theory on spaces of distributional connections. Most notably, a diffeomorphism invariant representation of the algebra of basic observables of the theory, the Ashtekar-Isham-Lewandowski representation, has been constructed. Recently, several uniqueness results for this representation have been worked out. In the present article, we contribute to these efforts by showing that the AIL-representation is irreducible, provided it is viewed as the representation of a certain C*-algebra which …
When applying the techniques of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) to symmetry-reduced gravitational systems, one first regularizes the scalar constraint using holonomy corrections, prior to quantization. In inhomogeneous system, where a residual spatial diffeomorphism symmetry survives, such modification of the gauge generator generating time reparametrization can potentially lead to deformations or anomalies in the modified algebra of first class constraints. When working with self-dual variables, it has already been shown that, for spherically symmetric geometry coupled to a scalar field, the holon…
We introduce the holonomy-diffeomorphism algebra, a C*-algebra generated by flows of vectorfields and the compactly supported smooth functions on a manifold. We show that the separable representations of the holonomy-diffeomorphism algebra are given by measurable connections, and that the unitary equivalence of the representations corresponds to measured gauge equivalence of the measurable connections. We compare the setup to Loop Quantum Gravity and show that the generalized connections found there are not contained in the spectrum of the holonomy-diffeomorphism algebra in dimensions higher t…
We consider a space-time with spatial sections isomorphic to the group manifold of SU(2). Triad and connection fluctuations are assumed to be SU(2)-invariant. Thus, they form a finite dimensional phase space. We perform non-perturbative path integral quantization of the model. Contarary to previous claims the path integral measure appeared to be non-singular near configurations admitting additional Killing vectors. In this model we are able to calculate the generating functional of Green functions of the reduced phase space variables exactly.
Connections on a trivial bundle MxG can be identified with their holonomy maps, i.e. with homomorphisms of a groupoid of paths in M into the gauge group G. For a connected compact G, various algebras depending on the set of the smooth connections through their holonomy maps have been introduced in the literature, called cylindrical and holonomy algebras. We discuss the relations between these algebras and the consistence of their spectra.
A classic theorem in the theory of connections on principal fiber bundles states that the evaluation of all holonomy functions gives enough information to characterize the bundle structure (among those sharing the same structure group and base manifold) and the connection up to a bundle equivalence map. This result and other important properties of holonomy functions has encouraged their use as the primary ingredient for the construction of families of quantum gauge theories. However, in these applications often the set of holonomy functions used is a discrete proper subset of the set of holon…
Bryant and Salamon gave a construction of metrics of G2 holonomy on the total space of the bundle of anti-self-dual (ASD) 2-forms over a 4-dimensional self-dual Einstein manifold. We generalise it by considering the total space of an SO(3) bundle (with fibers R^3) over a 4-dimensional base, with a connection on this bundle. We make essentially the same ansatz for the calibrating 3-form, but use the curvature 2-forms instead of the ASD ones. We show that the resulting 3-form defines a metric of G2 holonomy if the connection satisfies a certain second-order PDE. This is exactly the same PDE that…
We investigate tensor modes in inflationary scenarios from the point of view of Ashtekar variables and their generalizations labelled by Immirzi parameter γ, which we'll assume imaginary. By defining the classical perturbed Hamiltonian, we reproduce, on-shell, the usual expression found in cosmological perturbation theory. However the quantum Hamiltonian displays significant differences, namely in the vacuum energy and fluctuations of the various modes. Graviton states are represented by combinations of metric and connection variables. It turns out that half of these modes have negative energy…
Using Ashtekar variables, we analyze Lorentzian and Euclidean gravity in vacuum up to a constant conformal transformation. We prove that the reality conditions are invariant under a Wick rotation of the time, and show that the compatibility of the algebra of commutators and constraints with the involution defined by the reality conditions restricts the possible values of the conformal factor to be either real or purely imaginary. In the first case, one recovers real Lorentzian general relativity. For purely imaginary conformal factors, the classical theory can be interpreted as real Euclidean …
This paper studies the situation when two 4-dimensional Lorentz manifolds (that is, space-times) admit the same (unparametrised) geodesics, that is, when they are projectively related. A review of some known results is given and then the problem is considered further by treating each holonomy type in turn for the space-time connection. It transpires that all holonomy possibilities can be dealt with completely except the most general one and that the consequences of two space-times being projectively related leads, in many cases, to their associated Levi-Civita connections being identical.
It has recently been shown by Goldberg et al that the holonomy group of the chiral spin-connection is preserved under time evolution in vacuum general relativity. Here, the underlying reason for the time-independence of the holonomy group is traced to the self-duality of the curvature 2-form for an Einstein space. This observation reveals that the holonomy group is time-independent not only in vacuum, but also in the presence of a cosmological constant. It also shows that once matter is coupled to gravity, the "conservation of holonomy" is lost. When the fundamental group of space is non-trivi…
The philosophy of the Loop Quantum Gravity approach is to construct the canonical variables by using the duality of infinitesimal connections and holonomies along loops. Based on this fundamental property for example the holonomy-flux *-algebra has been formulated. A generalisation of the one-to-one correspondence between infinitesimal objects: connections and curvature and path based objects: holonomy maps and parallel transports is used to replace the configuration space of the theory. This generalised duality is related to the concept of path connections and holonomy groupoids, which origin…
(This short article is a continuation of a longer, review work, in the same volume of Proceedings, by Ashtekar, Marolf and Mourão [gr-qc/9403042]. All the details and other results are to be found in joint papers of the author with Abhay Ashtekar.) The projective limit technics derived for spaces of connections are extended to a new framework which for the associated projective limit plays a role of the differential geometry. It provides us with powerfull technics for construction and studding various operators. In particular, we introduce the commutator algebra of `vector fields', define a di…
Cosmological perturbations in Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC) are usually studied incorporating either holonomy corrections, where the Ashtekar connection is replaced by a suitable sinus function in order to have a well-defined quantum analogue, or inverse-volume corrections coming from the eigenvalues of the inverse-volume operator. In this paper we will develop an alternative approach to calculate cosmological perturbations in LQC based on the fact that, holonomy corrected LQC in the flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) geometry could be also obtained as a particular case of telepara…
This article describes the regularization of the generally relativistic gauge field representation of gravity on a piecewise linear lattice. It is a part of the program concerning the classical relativistic theory of fundamental interactions, represented by minimally coupled gauge vector field densities and half-densities. The correspondence between the local Darboux coordinates on phase space and the local structure of the links of the lattice, embedded in the spatial manifold, is demonstrated. Thus, the canonical coordinates are replaceable by links-related quantities. This idea and the sign…
We analyze the Bianchi I cosmology in the presence of a massless scalar field and describe its dynamics via a semiclassical and quantum polymer approach. We study the morphology of the Big Bounce by adopting three different sets of configurational variables: the Ashtekar connections, a set of anisotropic volume-like coordinates and the Universe volume plus two anisotropy coordinates (the latter two sets of variables would coincide in the case of an isotropic Universe). In the semiclassical analysis we demonstrate that the value of the critical matter energy density depends on the Cauchy proble…
In this paper we establish the existence of the non-perturbative theory of quantum gravity known as quantum holonomy theory by showing that a Hilbert space representation of the QHD(M) algebra, which is an algebra generated by holonomy-diffeomorphisms and by translation operators on an underlying configuration space of Ashtekar connections, exist. We construct operators, which correspond to the Hamiltonian of general relativity and the Dirac Hamiltonian, and show that they give rise to their classical counterparts in a classical limit. We also find that the structure of an almost-commutative s…
In the canonical quantization of gravity in terms of the Ashtekar variables one uses paths in the 3-space to construct the quantum states. Usually, one restricts oneself to families of paths admitting only finite number of isolated intersections. This assumption implies a limitation on the diffeomorphisms invariance of the introduced structures. In this work, using the previous results of Baez and Sawin, we extend the existing results to a theory admitting all the possible piecewise smooth finite paths and loops. In particular, we $(i)$ characterize the spectrum of the Ashtekar-Isham configura…
We introduce 3+1 timelike foliation of the four dimensional Lorentz manifold to derive the 3+1 Sen-Ashtekar-Barbero-Immirzi formalism in case of $SO(2,1)$ rotation gauge group, which is possible due to the existence of the $so(2,1)$ algebra isomorphism to $R^3_{2,1}$ algebra with respect to the vector product. We prove that the newly introduced flux and extrinsic curvature variables preserve the symplectic structure of the original variables. We then introduce the modified rotational constraint and succeed to write it as a Gauss constraint of a newly obtained connection. The newly obtained con…
Integral calculus on the space of gauge equivalent connections is developed. Loops, knots, links and graphs feature prominently in this description. The framework is well--suited for quantization of diffeomorphism invariant theories of connections. The general setting is provided by the abelian C* algebra of functions on the quotient space of connections generated by Wilson loops (i.e., by the traces of holonomies of connections around closed loops). The representation theory of this algebra leads to an interesting and powerful ``duality'' between gauge--equivalence classes of connections and …
Using the complex-valued self-dual connection variables, the loop quantum cosmology of a closed Friedmann universe coupled to a massless scalar field is studied. It is shown how the reality conditions can be imposed in the quantum theory by choosing a particular inner product for the kinematical Hilbert space. While holonomies of the self-dual Ashtekar connection are not well-defined in the kinematical Hilbert space, it is possible to introduce a family of generalized holonomy-like operators of which some are well-defined; these operators in turn are used in the definition of the Hamiltonian c…
This letter is a critique of Barbero's constrained Hamiltonian formulation of General Relativity on which current work in Loop Quantum Gravity is based. While we do not dispute the correctness of Barbero's formulation of general relativity, we offer some criticisms of an aesthetic nature. We point out that unlike Ashtekar's complex SU(2) connection, Barbero's real SO(3) connection does not admit an interpretation as a space-time gauge field. We show that if one tries to interpret Barbero's real SO(3) connection as a space-time gauge field, the theory is not diffeomorphism invariant. We conclud…
We construct in this article a new realization of quantum geometry, which is obtained by quantizing the recently-introduced flux formulation of loop quantum gravity. In this framework, the vacuum is peaked on flat connections, and states are built upon it by creating local curvature excitations. The inner product induces a discrete topology on the gauge group, which turns out to be an essential ingredient for the construction of a continuum limit Hilbert space. This leads to a representation of the full holonomy-flux algebra of loop quantum gravity which is unitarily-inequivalent to the one ba…
Loop quantum gravity is an approach to quantum gravity that starts from the Hamiltonian formulation in terms of a connection and its canonical conjugate. Quantization proceeds in the spirit of Dirac: First one defines an algebra of basic kinematical observables and represents it through operators on a suitable Hilbert space. In a second step, one implements the constraints. The main result of the paper concerns the representation theory of the kinematical algebra: We show that there is only one cyclic representation invariant under spatial diffeomorphisms. While this result is particularly imp…
This bibliography attempts to give a comprehensive overview of all the literature related to the Ashtekar connection and the Rovelli-Smolin loop variables. The original version was compiled by Peter Hübner in 1989, and it has been subsequently updated by Gabriela Gonzalez, Bernd Brügmann, Monica Pierri, Troy Schilling, Alejandro Corichi and Christopher Beetle. Information about additional literature, new preprints, and especially corrections are always welcome.
In a paper of Ashtekar and Campiglia, residual diffeomorphisms have been used to single out the standard representation of the reduced holonomy-flux algebra in homogeneous loop quantum cosmology (LQC). We show that, in the homogeneous isotropic case, unitarity of the translations w.r.t. the extended $\mathbb{R}$-action (exponentiated reduced fluxes in the standard approach) singles out the Bohr measure on both the standard quantum configuration space $\mathbb{R}_\mathrm{Bohr}$ as well as on the Fleischhack one. Thus, in both situation, the same condition singles out the standard kinematical Hi…
