二维四极系统的量子相变
Quantum phase transition of a two-dimensional quadrupolar system
摘要：
具有长程相互作用的系综有望揭示强量子集体效应和多体现象。本文利用扩散蒙特卡罗方法研究了具有四极相互作用的二维玻色系统的基态相图。我们预测了从气相到固相的量子相变。林德曼比和在转变点的冷凝分数相应地为$γ=0.269(4)$和$n_0/n=0.031(4)$。我们观察到在相变点附近集体激发支的强旋光化。我们的研究结果可以使用各种性质的最先进的实验系统，如准二维系统的四极激子在过渡金属dichalcogenide（TMD）三层，四极分子，激子或里德伯原子的四极矩诱导强磁场。
英文摘要：
Ensembles with long-range interactions between particles are promising for revealing strong quantum collective effects and many-body phenomena. Here we study the ground-state phase diagram of a two-dimensional Bose system with quadrupolar interactions using a diffusion Monte Carlo technique. We predict a quantum phase transition from a gas to a solid phase. The Lindemann ratio and the condensate fraction at the transition point are $γ=0.269(4)$ and $n_0/n=0.031(4)$, correspondingly. We observe the strong rotonization of the collective excitation branch in the vicinity of the phase transition point. Our results can be probed using state-of-the-art experimental systems of various nature, such as quasi-two-dimensional systems of quadrupolar excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) trilayers, quadrupolar molecules, and excitons or Rydberg atoms with quadrupole moments induced by strong magnetic fields.
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