低排放区的影响评估：马德里中心区的案例研究
Evaluation of the Impact of Low-Emission Zone: Madrid Central as a Case Study
摘要：
城市地区的空气质量及其与公众健康的关系是各国政府最关心的问题之一。为此，它们采取行动，旨在降低最关键的大气污染物的浓度，其中包括实施低排放区。马德里市中心是马德里市议会的一项重大举措，旨在减少市中心的机动车交通和相关的空气污染。它是通过扩大以前较小的机动车交通限制区域而创建的。该计划于2018年底开始，但第一个全面运营期对应于2019年第二季度（2019年第二季度）。低排放区的启动除了环境影响外，还具有社会和经济影响。因此，必须评估其影响，以确保实现减少大气污染物水平的承诺。在这项工作中，提出了两个指标，用于评估马德里中央在减少二氧化氮浓度的影响。采用2010年至2019年卡门广场监测站对应的NO2日平均浓度来评估马德里中心的影响。另外两个监测站周围的马德里中央进行了分析，以确定上升的不利影响，由于交通限制区周围的机动车交通的增量。因此，两种方法污染物独立评估的影响和演变的低排放区，以及关于马德里中央的第一年的影响的声明。
英文摘要：
Air-quality in urban areas and its relation with public health is one of the most critical concerns for governments. For this reason, they implement actions aimed at reducing the concentration of the most critical atmospheric pollutants, among others the implementation of Low-Emission Zones. Madrid Central is a major initiative of Madrid city council for reducing motor traffic and the associated air pollution at the city center. It is created by enlarging a previous and smaller area of restricted motor traffic. This initiative starts at the end of 2018, but the first fully-operational period corresponds to 2019Q2 (second quarter of 2019). The activation of Low-Emission Zones has social and economic impacts, besides environmental ones. For this reason, their impact must be assessed to ensure the achievement of the commitments in the reduction of atmospheric pollutants levels. In this work, two metrics for evaluating the impact of Madrid Central in the reduction of nitrogen dioxide concentration are proposed. Mean daily concentrations of NO2 from 2010 to 2019 corresponding to the Plaza del Carmen monitoring station are employed for the evaluation of the impact of Madrid Central. Two other monitoring stations around Madrid Central are analysed for ascertaining the rise of detrimental effects due to an increment of the motor traffic around the traffic restricted area. In consequence, two methodologies pollutant-independent for evaluating the impact and the evolution of LEZs, as well as a statement about the impact of the first year of Madrid Central are presented.
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