用于核不扩散和防止恐怖主义的特殊核材料快速成像
Rapid imaging of special nuclear materials for nuclear non-proliferation and terrorism prevention
摘要：
我们介绍了一种新的技术，中子伽马发射断层扫描（NGET），用于快速检测，三维成像和特殊核材料，如武器级钚和铀的表征。该技术改编自基础核物理研究，代表了对少量此类材料进行探测和成像的方法的范式转变。该方法使用基于快速有机闪烁器的颗粒探测系统，测量核裂变过程中发射的粒子之间的特征快速时间和能量相关性。实时使用这种相关性与现代机器学习技术相结合的全新方法提供了前所未有的成像效率、空间分辨率和超低误报率，解决了恐怖主义、核武器扩散以及不同核事故情景和环境辐射调查带来的全球安全威胁。
英文摘要：
We introduce a novel technique, neutron-gamma emission tomography (NGET), for rapid detection, 3D imaging, and characterization of special nuclear materials like weapons grade plutonium and uranium. The technique is adapted from fundamental nuclear physics research and represents a paradigm shift in the approach to detection and imaging of small quantities of such materials. The method uses a granular detection system based on fast organic scintillators, measuring the characteristic fast time and energy correlations between particles emitted in nuclear fission processes. The radically new approach of using such correlations in real time in conjunction with modern machine learning techniques provides unprecedented imaging efficiency, spatial resolution and ultra-low false alarm rates, addressing global security threats from terrorism, the proliferation of nuclear weapons, as well as different nuclear accident scenarios and environmental radiological surveying.
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