A PROOF of Weak Graph Positivity, for a Large Range of the Parameters
Paul Federbush
备注:
18 pages, basic corrections to Appendix B, some computer proofs, appendix with work of Robin Chapman. added range of validity from new paper on mp_arc but not arXiv. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1710.00357
One deals with r-regular bipartite graphs with 2n vertices. In a previous paper Butera, Pernici, and the author have introduced a quantity d(i), a function of the number of i-matchings, and conjectured that as n goes to infinity the fraction of graphs that satisfy Delta^k( d(i)) is non-negative, for all k and i, approaches 1. Here Delta is the finite difference operator. This conjecture we called the "graph positivity conjecture". "Weak graph positivity" is the conjecture that for each i and k the probability that Delta^k (d(i) is non-negative goes to 1 as n goes to infinity. Here we prove this for the range of parameters where r < 11, i+k < 101, k < 21, or i+k < 30 all r. A formalism of Wanless as systematized by Pernici is central to this effort.
One deals with r-regular bipartite graphs with 2n vertices. In a previous paper Butera, Pernici, and the author have introduced a quantity d(i), a function of the number of i-matchings, and conjectured that as n goes to infinity the fraction of graphs that satisfy Delta^k d(i) for all k and i, approaches 1. Here Delta is the finite difference operator. This conjecture we called the 'graph positivity conjecture'. In this paper it is formally shown that for each i and k the probability that Delta^k d(i) goes to 1 with n going to infinity. We call this weaker result the 'weak graph positivity con…
We deal with $r$-regular bipartite graphs with $2n$ vertices. In a previous paper, Butera, Pernici and the author have introduced a quantity $u(i)$, $u(i) = -\ln(i!m\_i)$, a function of the number of $i$-matchings, $m\_i$, and conjectured that the fraction of graphs that violate $Δ^k u(i) > 0$ for $k > 1$ vanishes as $n$ goes to infinity. Here $Δ$ is the finite difference operator. We now more particularly define the "Virial Positivity Conjecture" as the conjecture that the fraction of graphs that satisfy $Δ^k u(i)$ go to 0 for all $k > 1$ and $i$, approaches 1 as $n$ goes to infinity. The "We…
We make a systematic study of a new combinatorial construction called a dual equivalence graph. We axiomatize these graphs and prove that their generating functions are symmetric and Schur positive. By constructing a graph on ribbon tableaux which we transform into a dual equivalence graph, we give a combinatorial proof of the symmetry and Schur positivity of the ribbon tableaux generating functions introduced by Lascoux, Leclerc and Thibon. Using Haglund's formula for the transformed Macdonald polynomials, this also gives a combinatorial formula for the Schur expansion of Macdonald polynomial…
The Hankel matrix of type B Narayana polynomials was proved to be totally positive by Wang and Zhu, and independently by Sokal. Pan and Zeng raised the problem of giving a planar network proof of this result. In this paper, we present such a proof by constructing a planar network allowing negative weights, applying the Lindström-Gessel-Viennot lemma and establishing an involution on the set of nonintersecting families of directed paths.
In this paper, we give a combinatorial proof of a positivity result of Chern related to Andrews's $\mathcal{EO}^*$-type partitions. This combinatorial proof comes after reframing Chern's result in terms of copartitions. Using this new perspective, we also reprove an overpartition result of Chern by showing that it comes essentially "for free" from our combinatorial proof and some basic properties of copartitions. Finally, the application of copartitions leads us to more general positivity conjectures for families of both infinite and finite products, with a proof in one special case.
We prove a conjecture of Kontsevich, which asserts that the iterations of the noncommutative rational map $F_r:(x,y)-->(xyx^{-1},(1+y^r)x^{-1})$ are given by noncommutative Laurent polynomials with nonnegative integer coefficients.
In the study of Zeilberger's conjecture on an integer sequence related to the Catalan numbers, Lassalle proposed the following conjecture. Let $(t)_n$ denote the rising factorial, and let $Λ_{\mathbb{R}}$ denote the algebra of symmetric functions with real coefficients. If $φ$ is the homomorphism from $Λ_{\mathbb{R}}$ to $\mathbb{R}$ defined by $φ(h_n)={1}/{((t)_nn!)}$ for some $t>0$, then for any Schur function $s_λ$, the value $φ(s_λ)$ is positive. In this paper, we provide an affirmative answer to Lassalle's conjecture by using the Laguerre-Pólya-Schur theory of multiplier sequences.
We prove the s-positivity of the chromatic functions of interval hypergraphs and a conjecture of Taylor~\cite{Taylor15} as a consequence. We also give a new proof of Gasharov's theorem on the s-positivity of the chromatic symmetric functions of $(3+1)$-free posets.
Using Schur positivity and the principal specialization of Schur functions, we provide a proof of a recent conjecture of Liu and Wang on the $q$-log-convexity of the Narayana polynomials, and a proof of the second conjecture that the Narayana transformation preserves the log-convexity. Based on a formula of Bränd$\mathrm{\acute{e}}$n which expresses the $q$-Narayana numbers as the specializations of Schur functions, we derive several symmetric function identities using the Littlewood-Richardson rule for the product of Schur functions, and obtain the strong $q$-log-convexity of the Narayana pol…
We prove Okounkov's conjecture, a conjecture of Fomin-Fulton-Li-Poon, and a special case of Lascoux-Leclerc-Thibon's conjecture on Schur positivity and give several more general statements using a recent result of Rhoades and Skandera. An alternative proof of this result is provided. We also give an intriguing log-concavity property of Schur functions.
This article is dedicated to the study of positivity phenomena for the chromatic symmetric function of a graph with respect to various bases of symmetric functions. We give a new proof of Gasharov's theorem on the Schur-positivity of the chromatic symmetric function of a $(3 + 1)$-free poset. We present a combinatorial interpretation of the Schur-coefficients in terms of planar networks. Compared to Gasharov's proof, it gives a clearer visual illustration of the cancellation procedures and is quite similar in spirit to the proof of monomial positivity of Schur functions via the Lindstrom-Gesse…
We give combinatorial proofs that certain families of differences of products of Schur functions are monomial-positive. We show in addition that such monomial-positivity is to be expected of a large class of generating functions with combinatorial definitions similar to Schur functions. These generating functions are defined on posets with labelled Hasse diagrams and include for example generating functions of Stanley's $(P,ω)$-partitions.
We give a proof of a result of D. Peterson's identifying the quantum cohomology ring of a Grassmannian with the reduced coordinate ring of a certain subvariety of $GL_n$. The totally positive part of this subvariety is then constructed and we give closed formulas for the values of the Schubert basis elements on the totally positive points. We then use the developed methods to give a new proof of a formula of Vafa and Intriligator and Bertram for the structure constants (Gromov--Witten invariants). Finally, we use the positivity of these Gromov--Witten invariants to prove certain inequalities f…
We study criteria which ensure that Gibbs states (often also called generalized vacuum states) on distance-regular graphs are positive. Our main criterion assumes that the graph can be embedded into a growing family of distance-regular graphs. For the proof of the positivity we then use polynomial hypergroup theory and translate this positivity into the problem whether for $x\in[-1,1]$ the function $n\mapsto x^n$ has a positive integral representation w.r.t. the orthogonal polynomials associated with the graph. We apply our criteria to several examples. For Hamming graphs and the infinite dist…
We say that a permutation $π=π_1π_2\cdots π_n \in \mathfrak{S}_n$ has a peak at index $i$ if $π_{i-1} < π_i > π_{i+1}$. Let $\mathcal{P}(π)$ denote the set of indices where $π$ has a peak. Given a set $S$ of positive integers, we define $\mathcal{P}_S(n)=\{π\in\mathfrak{S}_n:\mathcal{P}(π)=S\}$. In 2013 Billey, Burdzy, and Sagan showed that for subsets of positive integers $S$ and sufficiently large $n$, $| \mathcal{P}_S(n)|=p_S(n)2^{n-|S|-1}$ where $p_S(x)$ is a polynomial depending on $S$. They gave a recursive formula for $p_S(x)$ involving an alternating sum, and they conjectured that the …
We give a proof of Stanley-Stembridge conjecture on chromatic symmetric functions for the class of all unit interval graphs with independence number 3. That is, we show that the chromatic symmetric function of the incomparability graph of a unit interval order in which the length of a chain is at most 3 is positively expanded as a linear sum of elementary symmetric functions.
We prove that if X is a Grassmannian of type A, then the Schubert basis of the (small) quantum cohomology ring QH(X) is the only homogeneous deformation of the Schubert basis of the ordinary cohomology ring of X that multiplies with non-negative structure constants. This implies that the (three point, genus zero) Gromov-Witten invariants of X are uniquely determined by Witten's presentation of QH(X) and the fact that they are non-negative. We conjecture that the same is true for any flag variety X = G/P of simply laced Lie type. For the variety GL(n)/B of complete flags, this conjecture is equ…