We solved the radial Schr"odinger equation analytically using the Exact Quantization Rule approach to obtain the energy eigenvalues with the Extended Cornell potential ECP. The present results are applied for calculating the mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium cc and bottomonium bb, and heavylight mesons such as bottom-charm bc and charm-Strange cs for different quantum states. Two special cases were considered when some of the potential parameters were set to zero, resulting into Coulomb potential, and Cornell potential, respectively. The present potential provides excellent results in comparison with experimental data with a maximum error of 0.0065 GeV and work of other researchers.
We use the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization approach in the context of constituent quark models. This method provides, for the Cornell potential, analytical formulae for the energy spectra which closely approximate numerical exact calculations performed with the Schrodinger or the spinless Salpeter equations. The Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization procedure can also be used to calculate other observables such as r.m.s. radius or wave function at the origin. Asymptotic dependence of these observables on quantum numbers are also obtained in the case of potentials which behave asymptotically as a power-law…
We investigate the structure of the light meson with one dynamical gluon from the light-front QCD Hamiltonian, determined for their constituent quark-antiquark and quark-antiquark-gluon Fock sectors, together with a three-dimensional confinement. After fitting the light meson mass spectroscopy, the light-front wave functions provide a good quality description of the pion electromagnetic form factor, and the valence quark distribution functions following QCD scale evolution.
We study the light-unflavored mesons as relativistic bound states in the nonperturbative Hamiltonian formalism of the basis light-front quantization (BLFQ) approach. The dynamics for the valence quarks of these mesons is specified by an effective Hamiltonian containing the one-gluon exchange interaction and the confining potentials both introduced in our previous work on heavy quarkonia, supplemented additionally by a pseudoscalar contact interaction. We diagonalize this Hamiltonian in our basis function representation to obtain the mass spectrum and the light-front wave functions (LFWFs). Bas…
We apply the basis light front quantization (BLFQ) approach to describe the valence structures of the charged light meson ground states. Specifically, the light front wavefunctions of $π^\pm$, $ρ^\pm$, $K^\pm$, and $K^{*\pm}$ are obtained as the eigenvectors of the light front effective Hamiltonians with confinement potentials supplemented by the color singlet Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) interactions. We adjust our model such that the spectrum of these ground states and the charge radii of the pseudoscalar states agree with experimental results. We present the elastic form factors and parton dis…
We investigate the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the pion and kaon from the eigenstates of a light-front effective Hamiltonian in the constituent quark-antiquark representation suitable for low-momentum scale applications. By taking these scales as the only free parameters, the valence quark distribution functions of the pion, after QCD evolving, are consistent with the E615 experiment at Fermilab. In addition, the ratio of the up quark distribution in the kaon to that in the pion also agrees with the NA3 experimental result at CERN.
We apply the method of collective coordinate quantization to a model of solitons in two spacetime dimensions with a global $U(1)$ symmetry. In particular we consider the dynamics of the charged states associated with rotational excitations of the soliton in the internal space and their interactions with the quanta of the background field (mesons). By solving a system of coupled saddle-point equations we effectively sum all tree-graphs contributing to the one-point Green's function of the meson field in the background of a rotating soliton. We find that the resulting one-point function evaluate…
Basis Light-front Quantization (BLFQ) is a nonperturbative approach to quantum field theory. In this paper, we report our recent progress in applying BLFQ to the positronium system in QED and to the meson and the baryon system in QCD. We present preliminary results on the mass spectrum, light-front wave functions and other observables of these systems, where one dynamical gauge boson is retained for the positronium and meson systems.
Spectrum of masses of light pseudoscalar ($π, K, η, η'$) and vector ($ρ, K^*, ω, ϕ$) mesons can be explained on the base of the following assumptions: (1) analytical confinement (propagators of quarks and gluons are entire analytical functions of the Gaussian type), (2) mesons are bound states of quark and gluons (the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the one-gluon exchange approximation) and (3) QCD coupling constant $α_s(M)$ is a monotone decreasing function of mass of a bound state $M$. The decay constants $f_π$ and $f_K$ are calculated.
Exclusive vector meson production is an excellent probe for describing the structure of proton. In this paper, based on dipole model, the differential cross sections, total cross sections and the ratios of the longitudinal to transverse cross sections of $J/ψ$ and $ρ^0$ productions are calculated with the analytical solution of Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation. In addition, we also consider the influences of two meson wave function models on the results. Our predictions, which are little sensitive to meson wave functions, agree with the experimental data. The analytical solution of BK equation…
Considering the fact that, a wide range of variation in masses of various states of heavy pseudoscalar and vector mesons can be seen in different models and the experimental data on masses of many of these states is not yet currently available, in this paper, we study the analytical calculation of heavy pseudoscalar and vector mesons mass spectra ( such as $η_{c}$, $B_{c}$, $η_{b}$, $J/ψ$, $B^{*}_{c}$ and $Υ$) and their corresponding wave functions in the framework of Bethe-Salpeter equation under the covariant instantaneous ansatz. The parameters of the framework were determined by a fit to t…
We solved the Klein-Gordon equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method to obtain the energy eigenvalues and corresponding wavefunction in terms of Laguerre polynomials with the ultra generalized exponential hyperbolic potential. The present results are applied for calculating the mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium (cc) and bottomonium (cc) for different quantum states. The present potential provides excellent results in comparison with experimental data with a maximum error of and work of other researchers.
The N-dimensional radial Schrodinger equation with an extended Cornell potential is solved. The analytical exact iteration method is applied. The energy eigenvalues are calculated in the N-dimensional space. The charmonium meson, the bottomonium meson and the bc meson masses are calculated in the N-dimensional space. The special cases are obtained from the general case. The study of the effect of dimensionality number is studied. The mean value of the radius and the mean square velocity of charmonium meson, bottomonium meson, and bc meson are calculated. The present results are improved in com…
The harmonic quarks and their complete oscillators are successfully used for the exact quantitative results and an explanation of the $D$ meson mass differences. For the first time it is shown that the mass differences of the charmed mesons with the same flavors are strictly quantized by the rest masses of harmonic quarks in both "free" state and complete oscillator state. The $D^*(2007)^0$ $\to$ $D^0$ transition has the following neutral quark group: $d$-oscillator + $u^0$-quark with rest energy 142.124 MeV. It is argued that it is the unique model solution within the 4$σ$ experimental interv…
The quark dynamics inside light mesons, except pseudoscalar ones, can be quite well described by a spinless Salpeter equation supplemented by a Cornell interaction (possibly partly vector, partly scalar). A mass formula for these mesons can then be obtained by computing analytical approximations of the eigenvalues of the equation. We show that such a formula can be derived by combining the results of two methods: the dominantly orbital state description and the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization approach. The predictions of the mass formula are compared with accurate solutions of the spinless Salpet…
The $ππ$ scattering amplitude with regular analytical properties in the $s$ complex plane has been constructed. It describes simultaneously the data on the $ππ$ scattering, $ϕ\toπ^0π^0γ$ decay and $ππ\to K\bar K$ reaction. The chiral shielding of the $σ(600)$ meson and it's mixing with the $f_0(980)$ meson are taken into account also. The data agrees with the four-quark nature of the $σ(600)$ and $f_0(980)$ mesons. The amplitude in the range $-5 m_π^2 < s < 0.64$ GeV$^2$ also agrees with results, obtained on the base of the chiral expansion, dispersion relations and the Roy equations.
The Weyl meson arises in theories with local scale invariance. It acts as a candidate for dark matter in a generalized Standard Model with local scale invariance. The Higgs particle is absent from the physical spectrum in this theory. We consider the quantization of this theory in detail, imposing suitable gauge fixing conditions. We also consider a further generalization of this model which includes an additional real scalar field. In this theory a Higgs like particle remains in the particle spectrum. Since this particle couples to the Weyl meson, it can lead to interesting phenomenology invo…
As we all known that non-relativistic or semi-relativistic constituent quark models can describe a large number of the meson sand baryon properties with surprising accuracy. In this work, we studied Killingbeck potential by using WKB approximation in the constituent quark model. The implicit approximate solution of the energy eigenvalue of the Schrödinger equation is obtained by using appropriate quantization conditions. Under the Killingbeck potential with the WKB approximation, we studied the spectra of double heavy mesons and predict the masses of high excited states in $c\bar{c}$, $b\bar{b…
In a recent paper Y. Hidaka and A. Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 094502] claim -- using both analytical and numerical approaches -- that the charged rho mesons cannot condense in the vacuum subjected to a strong magnetic field. In this Comment we point out that both analytical and numerical results of this paper are consistent with the inhomogeneous rho-meson condensation. Furthermore, we show that the numerical results of the paper support the presence of the expected (in quenched lattice QCD) crossover transition driven by the rho-meson condensation. Finally, we stress that the inhomogene…
Trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential is suggested as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for studying the thermodynamic properties and the masses of heavy and heavy-light mesons. For this purpose, N-radial Schrodinger equation is analytically solved using an exact analytical iteration method (EAIM). The eigenvalues of energy and corresponding wave functions are obtained in the N-dimensional space. The present results are applied for calculating the mass of heavy mesons such as charmonium, bottomonium, bc, and cs mesons and thermodynamic properties such as the mean-internal energy, the spe…
Analytical results for the spatial dependence of the correlation functions for all meson excitations in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics, the lowest order, are calculated. The meson screening mass is obtained as a large distance limit of the correlation function. Our analysis leads to a better understanding of the excitations of Quark Gluon Plasma at sufficiently large temperatures and may be of relevance for future numerical calculations with fully interacting Quantum Chromodynamics.
In this work we construct the $ππ$ scattering amplitude $T^0_0$ with regular analytical properties in the $s$ complex plane, which describes simultaneously the data on the $ππ$ scattering, $ϕ\toπ^0π^0γ$ decay, and $ππ\to K\bar K$ reaction. The chiral shielding of the $σ(600)$ meson and its mixing with the $f_0(980)$ meson are also taken into account. The data agrees with the four-quark nature of the $σ(600)$ and $f_0(980)$ mesons. The amplitude in the range $-5 m_π^2 < s < 0.64$ GeV$^2$ also agrees with results, obtained on the base of the chiral expansion, dispersion relations, and the Roy eq…
In view of the mass spectrum of heavy mesons in vacuum the analytical properties of the solutions of the truncated Dyson-Schwinger equatio for the quark propagator within the rainbow approximation are analysed in some detail. In Euclidean space, the quark propagator is not an analytical function possessing, in general, an infinite number of singularities (poles) which hamper to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation. However, for light mesons (with masses M_{q\bar q} <= 1 GeV) all singularities are located outside the region within which the Bethe-Salpeter equation is defined. With an increase of t…
Trigonometric Rosen-Morse Potential is employed as a mesonic potential interaction. The extended Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used to solve the N-radial Fractional Schrodinger equation analytically. Using the generalized fractional derivative, the energy eigenvalues are obtained in the fractional form. The current findings are used to calculate the masses of mesons such as charmonium, bottomonium, and heavy-light mesons. The current findings are superior to those of other recent studies and show good agreement with experimental data as a result, the fractional parameter is crucial in optimizing …
A hybrid meson is a quark-antiquark pair in which, contrary to ordinary mesons, the gluon field is in an excited state. In the framework of constituent models, the interaction potential is assumed to be the energy of an excited string. An approximate, but accurate, analytical solution of the Schrödinger equation with such a potential is presented. When applied to hybrid charmonia and bottomonia, towers of states are predicted in which the masses are a linear function of a harmonic oscillator band number for the quark-antiquark pair. Such a formula could be a reliable guide for the experimental…
In this work we analize how the inclusion of extra mesonic degrees of freedom affect the finite density solitons crystals of the Skyrme model. In particular, the first analytic examples of hadronic crystals at finite baryon density in both the Skyrme $ω$-mesons model as well as for the Skyrme $ρ$-mesons theory are constructed. These configurations have arbitrary topological charge and describe crystals of baryonic tubes surrounded by a cloud of vector-mesons. In the $ω$-mesons case, it is possible to reduce consistently the complete set of seven coupled non-linear field equations to just two i…
We present a microscopic derivation of the form factors of strong-interaction piNN and piNDelta vertices within a relativistic constituent quark model. The results are compared with form factors from phenomenological meson-baryon models and recent lattice QCD calculations. We give an analytical representation of the vertex form factors suitable for applications in further studies of hadron reactions.
We correct a mistake in the analytical expression given in Nucl. Phys. {\bf A} 815, 53 (2009) [arXiv:0804.4817] for the $D_{s0}\bar{D}_s^*$ and $D_{0}\bar{D}^*$ molecular currents. As a consequence, the mass obtained for the $D_{0}\bar{D}^*$ molecular current: $m_{D_{0}\bar{D}^*}=(4.96\pm 0.11)$ GeV is no longer compatible with the experimental mass of the meson Y(4260).
The large-$N_c$ masses of light vector, axial, scalar and pseudoscalar mesons are calculated from QCD spectral sum rules for a particular ansatz interpolating the radial Regge trajectories. The ansatz includes a linear part plus exponentially degreasing corrections to the meson masses and residues. The form of corrections was proposed some time ago from consistency with analytical structure of Operator Product Expansion of the two-point correlation functions. Two solutions are found and compared with the experimental data.
A model potential for two-particle relativistic systems is investigated in the framework of Poincare-invariant quantum mechanics (or relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics). The potential considered allows to reduce the main integro-differential equation of Poincare-invariant quantum mechanics to the equation analogous to the radial equation and have analytical solution for relativistic bound system. We discuss the possible choice of the parameters of potential and apply our model to the description of light meson Regge trajectories.
We investigate the masses of the pseudoscalar ($D$($D^0$, $D^+$), $\bar{D}$($\bar{D^0}$, $D^-$) and vector open charm mesons ($D^*$($D^{*0}$, $D^{*+}$), ${\bar{D}}^*$(${\bar{D}}^{*0}$, $D^{*-}$) as well as the pseudoscalar ($η_c(1S)$, $η_c(2S)$) and the vector charmonium states ($J/ψ$, $ψ(2S)$, $ψ(1D)$) in the asymmetric hot strange hadronic medium in the presence of strong magnetic fields. In the magnetized medium, the mass modification of open charm mesons due to their interactions with baryons and the scalar fields ($σ$, $ζ$, and $δ$) are investigated in a chiral effective model. Moreover, …
The analytical forms of the interaction potentials between one S-wave and one P-wave heavy mesons as well as the potentials between two P-wave heavy mesons are deduced based on a chiral quark model. Our results explicitly show the attractive property between two heavy mesons. Consequently, a series of possible molecular states are obtained. It is expected that our study might shed some light on the popular discussions of the newly observed XYZ states.
We investigate the in-medium masses of open charm mesons ($D$($D^0$, $D^+$), $\bar{D}$($\bar{D^0}$, $D^-$), $D_s$(${D_{s}}^+$, ${D_{s}}^-$)) and charmonium states ($J/ψ$, $ψ(3686)$, $ψ(3770)$, $χ_{c0}$, $χ_{c2}$) in strongly magnetized isospin asymmetric strange hadronic matter using a chiral effective model. In the presence of the magnetic field, the number density and scalar density of charged baryons have contributions from Landau energy levels. The mass modifications of open charm mesons arise due to their interactions with nucleons, hyperons, and the scalar fields (the non-strange field $…
We present results from a chiral soliton model calculation for the spectrum of baryons with a single heavy quark (charm or bottom) and non-zero strangeness. We treat the strange components within a three flavor collective coordinate quantization of the soliton that fully accounts for light flavor symmetry breaking. Heavy baryons emerge by binding a heavy meson to the soliton. The dynamics of this heavy meson is described by the heavy quark effective theory with finite mass effects included.
This paper presents a first study of the decay constants of the charged, or flavor-off-diagonal, pseudoscalar mesons to two loops for three flavors of sea quarks, in Partially Quenched Chiral Perturbation Theory (PQ$χ$PT). Explicit analytical expressions up to ${\cal O}(p^6)$ in the momentum expansion are given. The calculations have been performed within the supersymmetric formulation of PQ$χ$PT. We also present some numerical results to indicate the size of the corrections.
We consider a generalized Thirring model in 0+1 dimensions at finite density. In order to deal with the resulting sign problem we employ stochastic quantization, i.e., a complex Langevin evolution. We investigate the convergence properties of this approach and check in which parameter regions complex Langevin evolutions are applicable in this setting. To this end we derive numerous analytical results and compare directly with numerical results. In addition we employ indirect indicators to check for correctness. Finally we interpret and discuss our findings.
We present simulation results of the (2+1)d four-fermion model with a baryon chemical potential. We examine temporal correlation functions of the vector meson, and find evidence of phonon-like behavior characterised by a linear dispersion relation in the long wavelength limit. We also discuss the consistency of our numerical results with analytical solutions to the Boltzmann equation corresponding to zero sound. We argue that our results provide the first evidence for a collective excitation in a lattice simulation.
