自适应光学的原子跃迁
Atomic transitions for adaptive optics
摘要：
本文综述了高层大气中的原子和离子，包括中间层金属Na，Fe，Mg $^+$，Si $^+$，Ca $^+$，K以及非金属物种N，N $^+$，O，H，考虑到它们在天文自适应光学中的潜力。Na和Fe是创造多色激光引导星的最佳候选者，最强的回报来自两个波长的激发可以达到的跃迁。Ca $^+$和Si $^+$具有强的可见光跃迁，但需要短波长，超过大气截止，用于从基态激发。O、N和N $^+$原子在中间层具有强跃迁和高丰度。这些物种的柱密度和截面积可以高达$10^5$（O）和几百（N和N $^+$），使它们成为放大自发发射的潜在候选者。然而，它们需要真空紫外波长的激发。
英文摘要：
This paper reviews atoms and ions in the upper atmosphere, including the mesospheric metals Na, Fe, Mg$^+$, Si$^+$, Ca$^+$, K and also non-metallic species N, N$^+$, O, H, considering their potential for astronomical adaptive optics. Na and Fe are the best candidates for the creation of polychromatic laser guide stars, with the strongest returns coming from transitions that can be reached by excitation at two wavelengths. Ca$^+$ and Si$^+$ have strong visible-light transitions, but require short wavelengths, beyond the atmospheric cutoff, for excitation from the ground state. Atomic O, N and N$^+$ have strong transitions and high abundances in the mesosphere. The product of column density and cross section for these species can be as high as $10^5$ for O and several hundred for N and N$^+$, making them potential candidates for amplified spontaneous emission. However they require vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths for excitation.
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