Tierras天文台：一个超精密的光度计，用于表征附近的类地系外行星
The Tierras Observatory: An ultra-precise photometer to characterize nearby terrestrial exoplanets
摘要：
我们报告的状况Tierras天文台，一个翻新的1.3米超精密全自动光度计位于F。L.山顶上的惠普尔天文台亚利桑那州霍普金斯Tierras的设计目的是将系统误差，特别是可降水量（PWV）限制在250 ppm，从而能够表征绕$< 0.3 \, R_{\odot}$恒星运行的类地行星凌日，以及可能发现的系外卫星和系外环。能够实现我们的科学目标的设计选择包括：一个四透镜的焦点缩小器和视场扩大器，以将望远镜的视场从$11.94'$侧增加到$0.48^{\circ}$侧;一个定制的窄带通（$40.2$ nm FWHM）滤光片，以$863.5$ nm为中心，以最小化已知限制红矮星地基测光的PWV误差;和一个深耗尽型$4K \times 4K$ CCD，具有300 ke-full阱和在我们的带通中的QE $>85\%$，工作在帧传输模式。我们还在设计一组挡板，以尽量减少到达图像平面的大量散射光。Tierras将于2021年初开始科学运营。
英文摘要：
We report on the status of the Tierras Observatory, a refurbished 1.3-m ultra-precise fully-automated photometer located at the F. L. Whipple Observatory atop Mt. Hopkins, Arizona. Tierras is designed to limit systematic errors, notably precipitable water vapor (PWV), to 250 ppm, enabling the characterization of terrestrial planet transits orbiting $< 0.3 \, R_{\odot}$ stars, as well as the potential discovery of exo-moons and exo-rings. The design choices that will enable our science goals include: a four-lens focal reducer and field-flattener to increase the field-of-view of the telescope from a $11.94'$ to a $0.48^{\circ}$ side; a custom narrow bandpass ($40.2$ nm FWHM) filter centered around $863.5$ nm to minimize PWV errors known to limit ground-based photometry of red dwarfs; and a deep-depletion $4K \times 4K$ CCD with a 300ke-full well and QE$>85\%$ in our bandpass, operating in frame transfer mode. We are also pursuing the design of a set of baffles to minimize the significant amount of scattered light reaching the image plane. Tierras will begin science operations in early 2021.
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