FORS-Up：使帕拉纳尔最多功能的仪器为15年的运营做好准备
FORS-Up: Making the most versatile instrument in Paranal ready for 15 more years of operations
摘要：
FORS升级项目（FORS-Up）旨在为ESO甚大望远镜（VLT）上高度要求的主力仪器带来新的生命。FORS 2是一种多模光学仪器，于2000年开始定期科学运行，自那时以来，与其孪生子FORS 1一起，一直是VLT中需求量最大，生产力最高的仪器之一。为了确保实地观察站至少能再运行15年，已计划进行升级。这是必要的，因为FORS 2使用的技术和软件现在已经过时，无法按照观测站使用的标准投入使用和维持。该项目是ESO和INAF的里雅斯特天文台合作开展的，旨在于2023/2024年为望远镜带来一台翻新的仪器，配备新的科学探测器，升级仪器控制软件和电子设备，新的校准单元以及额外的过滤器和grisms。新的FORS还将作为极大望远镜（ELT）标准技术（其中包括可编程逻辑控制器和ELT控制软件功能的使用）的测试台。该项目旨在通过对目前退役的仪器FORS 1进行升级，并将掩模交换单元和偏振光学器件从FORS 2改装为FORS 1，从而最大限度地减少仪器的停机时间。
英文摘要：
The FORS Upgrade project (FORS-Up) aims at bringing a new life to the highly demanded workhorse instrument attached to ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). FORS2 is a multimode optical instrument, which started regular science operations in 2000 and since then, together with its twin, FORS1, has been one of the most demanded and most productive instruments of the VLT. In order to ensure that a FORS shall remain operational for at least another 15 years, an upgrade has been planned. This is required as FORS2 is using technology and software that is now obsolete and cannot be put and maintained to the standards in use at the Observatory. The project - carried out as a collaboration between ESO and INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Trieste - aims at bringing to the telescope in 2023/2024 a refurbished instrument with a new scientific detector, an upgrade of the instrument control software and electronics, a new calibration unit, as well as additional filters and grisms. The new FORS will also serve as a test bench for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) standard technologies (among them the use of programmable logic controllers and of the features of the ELT Control Software). The project aims at minimising the downtime of the instrument by performing the upgrade on the currently decommissioned instrument FORS1 and retrofitting the Mask Exchange Unit and polarisation optics from FORS2 to FORS1.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
