The POEMMA (Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics) Observatory
A. V. Olinto, J. Krizmanic, J. H. Adams, R. Aloisio, L. A. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, M. Bagheri, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, D. R. Bergman, M. E. Bertaina, P. F. … 展开作者
A. V. Olinto, J. Krizmanic, J. H. Adams, R. Aloisio, L. A. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, M. Bagheri, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, D. R. Bergman, M. E. Bertaina, P. F. Bertone, F. Bisconti, M. Bustamante, F. Cafagna, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, K. Černý, M. J. Christl, A. L. Cummings, I. De Mitri, R. Diesing, R. Engel, J. Eser, K. Fang, F. Fenu, G. Filippatos, E. Gazda, C. Guepin, A. Haungs, E. A. Hays, E. G. Judd, P. Klimov, V. Kungel, E. Kuznetsov, Š. Mackovjak, D. Mandát, L. Marcelli, J. McEnery, G. Medina-Tanco, K. -D. Merenda, S. S. Meyer, J. W. Mitchell, H. Miyamoto, J. M. Nachtman, A. Neronov, F. Oikonomou, Y. Onel, G. Osteria, A. N. Otte, E. Parizot, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. S. Perkins, P. Picozza, L. W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, G. Prévôt, P. Reardon, M. H. Reno, M. Ricci, O. Romero Matamala, F. Sarazin, P. Schovánek, V. Scotti, K. Shinozaki, J. F. Soriano, F. Stecker, Y. Takizawa, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, T. M. Venters, L. Wiencke, D. Winn, R. M. Young, M. Zotov
The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is designed to accurately observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos from space with sensitivity over the full celestial sky. POEMMA will observe the extensive air showers (EASs) from UHECRs and UHE neutrinos above 20 EeV via air fluorescence. Additionally, POEMMA will observe the Cherenkov signal from upward-moving EASs induced by Earth-interacting tau neutrinos above 20 PeV. The POEMMA spacecraft are designed to quickly re-orientate to follow up transient neutrino sources and obtain unparalleled neutrino flux sensitivity. Developed as a NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission, POEMMA consists of two identical satellites flying in loose formation in 525 km altitude orbits. Each POEMMA instrument incorporates a wide field-of-view (45$^\circ$) Schmidt telescope with over 6 m$^2$ of collecting area. The hybrid focal surface of each telescope includes a fast (1~$μ$s) near-ultraviolet camera for EAS fluorescence observations and an ultrafast (10~ns) optical camera for Cherenkov EAS observations. In a 5-year mission, POEMMA will provide measurements that open new multi-messenger windows onto the most energetic events in the universe, enabling the study of new astrophysics and particle physics at these otherwise inaccessible energies.
The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is a NASA Astrophysics probe-class mission designed to observe ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos from space. Astro2020 APC white paper: Medium-class Space Particle Astrophysics Project.
The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is designed to observe cosmic neutrinos (CNs) above 20 PeV and ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 20 EeV over the full sky. The POEMMA mission calls for two identical satellites flying in loose formation, each comprised of a 4-meter wide field-of-view (45 degrees) Schmidt photometer. The hybrid focal surface includes a fast (1 $μ$s) ultraviolet camera for fluorescence observations and an ultrafast (10 ns) optical camera for Cherenkov observations. POEMMA will provide new multi-messenger windows onto the most energetic events …
The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) mission is being designed to establish charged-particle astronomy with ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmogenic tau neutrinos (CTNs). The study of UHECRs and CTNs from space will yield orders-of-magnitude increase in statistics of observed UHECRs at the highest energies, and the observation of the cosmogenic flux of neutrinos for a range of UHECR models. These observations should solve the long-standing puzzle of the origin of the highest energy particles ever observed, providing a new window onto the most energ…
POEMMA-Balloon with Radio: A multi-messenger, multi-detector balloon payload
CSPAR, University of Alabama Huntsville（卡尔森太空物理应用研究中心，阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校）；Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Laboratoire APC, Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学APC实验室）；RSESC, University of Alabama Huntsville（雷恩空间科学中心，阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校）；Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare（意大利国家核物理研究所大萨索国家实验室）；Gran Sasso Science Institute（大萨索科学研究所）；Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马托尔维加塔分部）；Sezione di Napoli, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare（意大利国家核物理研究所那不勒斯分部）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman CUNY（莱曼学院物理学与天文学系（纽约市立大学））；Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences（斯洛伐克科学院实验物理研究所）；Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines（科罗拉多矿业学院物理系）；Sezione di Bari, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare（意大利国家核物理研究所巴里分部）
本文介绍了POEMMA-Balloon with Radio项目，旨在通过多信使观测研究超高能宇宙射线，利用气球载荷实现同时光学和无线电观测，为空间任务技术准备和高能宇宙射线研究提供数据支持。
Developed as NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission, the Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is designed to identify the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmic neutrinos. POEMMA consists of two spacecraft flying in a loose formation at 525 km altitude, 28.5$^\circ$ inclination orbits. Each spacecraft hosts a Schmidt telescope with a large collecting area and wide Field-of-View (FoV). A novel focal plane is employed that is optimized to observe both the UV fluorescence signal from extensive air showers (EASs) and the optical Cherenkov signals f…
The detection of astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube and the potential to constrain source models of ultra-high energy cosmic rays provide the motivation to develop instruments for the observation of neutrinos above $10^7$ GeV. Among the different techniques to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos is the Earth-skimming technique. It makes use of the fact that the tau produced in a tau neutrino interaction inside the Earth can emerge from the ground and initiate an upward-going particle shower in the atmosphere. The particle shower and thus the neutrino can be reconstructed by measuring the Cheren…
The era of multi-messenger astrophysics has arrived, leading to key new discoveries and revealing a need for coordination, collaboration, and communication between world-wide communities using ground and space-based facilities. To fill these critical needs, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and Marshall Space Flight Center are jointly proposing to establish a virtual Multi-Messenger Astrophysics Science Support Center that focuses entirely on community-directed services. In this article, we describe the baseline plan for the virtual Support Center which will position the community and NASA as…
The identification of the electromagnetic counterpart of the gravitational wave event, GW170817, and discovery of neutrinos and gamma-rays from TXS 0506+056 heralded the new era of multi-messenger astrophysics. As the number of multi-messenger events rapidly grow over the next decade, the cyberinfrastructure requirements to handle the increase in data rates, data volume, need for event follow up, and analysis across the different messengers will also explosively grow. The cyberinfrastructure requirements to enhance multi-messenger astrophysics will both be a major challenge and opportunity for…
Multi-messenger astrophysics is becoming a major avenue to explore the Universe, with the potential to span a vast range of redshifts. The growing synergies between different probes is opening new frontiers, which promise profound insights into several aspects of fundamental physics and cosmology. In this context, THESEUS will play a central role during the 2030s in detecting and localizing the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave and neutrino sources that the unprecedented sensitivity of next generation detectors will discover at much higher rates than the present. Here, we revi…
NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校国家超级计算应用中心）；Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校天文学系）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Las Cumbres Observatory（拉斯坎布雷斯天文台）；Caltech/IPAC-NExScI（加州理工学院/红外处理与分析中心-系外行星科学研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware（特拉华大学物理与天文学系）；Data Science Institute, University of Delaware（特拉华大学数据科学研究所）；Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University（纽约大学城市科学与进步中心）；The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学奥斯卡·克莱因宇宙粒子物理中心）；The University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；IBM Systems（IBM系统部）
This report provides an overview of recent work that harnesses the Big Data Revolution and Large Scale Computing to address grand computational challenges in Multi-Messenger Astrophysics, with a particular emphasis on real-time discovery campaigns. Acknowledging the transdisciplinary nature of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics, this document has been prepared by members of the physics, astronomy, computer science, data science, software and cyberinfrastructure communities who attended the NSF-, DOE- and NVIDIA-funded "Deep Learning for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics: Real-time Discovery at Scale" wor…
The past year has witnessed discovery of the first identified counterparts to a gravitational wave transient (GW 170817A) and a very high-energy neutrino (IceCube-170922A). These source identifications, and ensuing detailed studies, have realized longstanding dreams of astronomers and physicists to routinely carry out observations of cosmic sources by other than electromagnetic means, and inaugurated the era of "multi-messenger" astronomy. While this new era promises extraordinary physical insights into the universe, it brings with it new challenges, including: highly heterogeneous, high-volum…
Multi-messenger astronomy, the coordinated observation of different classes of signals originating from the same astrophysical event, provides a wealth of information about astrophysical processes with far-reaching implications. So far, the focus of multi-messenger astronomy has been the search for conventional signals from known fundamental forces and standard model particles, like gravitational waves (GW). In addition to these known effects, quantum sensor networks could be used to search for astrophysical signals predicted by beyond-standard-model (BSM) theories. Exotic bosonic fields are u…
Multi-messenger astrophysics will enable the discovery of new astrophysical neutrino sources and provide information about the mechanisms that drive these objects. We present a curated online catalog of astrophysical neutrino candidates. Whenever single high energy neutrino events, that are publicly available, get published multiple times from various analyses, the catalog records all these changes and highlights the best information. All studies by IceCube that produce astrophysical candidates will be included in our catalog. All information produced by these searches such as time, type, dire…
The massive neutrinos of the Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$ν$B) are fundamental ingredients of the radiation-dominated early universe and are important non-relativistic probes of the large-scale structure formation in the late universe. The dominant source of anisotropies in the neutrino flux distribution on the sky are highly amplified integrals of metric perturbations encountered during the non-relativistic phase of the C$ν$B. This paper numerically compares the line-of-sight methods for computing C$ν$B anisotropies with the Einstein-Boltzmann hierarchy solutions in linear theory for a range…
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Tecnologico de Monterrey（蒙特雷理工学院）；Las Cumbres Observatory（拉斯坎布雷斯天文台）；University of Delaware（特拉华大学）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；The University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；IBM T.J. Watson Research Center（IBM托马斯·J·沃森研究中心）；Carnegie Institute for Science（卡内基科学研究所）；West Virginia University（西弗吉尼亚大学）
Multi-messenger astrophysics is a fast-growing, interdisciplinary field that combines data, which vary in volume and speed of data processing, from many different instruments that probe the Universe using different cosmic messengers: electromagnetic waves, cosmic rays, gravitational waves and neutrinos. In this Expert Recommendation, we review the key challenges of real-time observations of gravitational wave sources and their electromagnetic and astroparticle counterparts, and make a number of recommendations to maximize their potential for scientific discovery. These recommendations refer to…
Real-time detections of transients and rapid multi-wavelength follow-up are at the core of modern multi-messenger astrophysics. MeerTRAP is one such instrument that has been deployed on the MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa to search for fast radio transients in real-time. This, coupled with the ability to rapidly localize the transient in combination with optical co-pointing by the MeerLICHT telescope gives the instrument the edge in finding and identifying the nature of the transient on short timescales. The commensal nature of the project means that MeerTRAP will keep looking for tran…
Flares of known astronomical sources and new transient phenomena occur on different timescales, from sub-seconds to several days or weeks. The discovery potential of both serendipitous observations and multi-messenger and multi-wavelength follow-up observations could be maximized with a tool which allows for quickly acquiring an overview over both persistent sources as well as transient events in the relevant phase space. We here present COincidence LIBrary for Real-time Inquiry (Astro-COLIBRI), a novel and comprehensive tool for this task. Astro-COLIBRI's architecture comprises a RESTful API,…
The primary challenge in the study of explosive astrophysical transients is their detection and characterisation using multiple messengers. For this purpose, we have developed a new data-driven discovery framework, based on deep learning. We demonstrate its use for searches involving neutrinos, optical supernovae, and gamma rays. We show that we can match or substantially improve upon the performance of state-of-the-art techniques, while significantly minimising the dependence on modelling and on instrument characterisation. Particularly, our approach is intended for near- and real-time analys…
The study of flaring astrophysical events in the multi-messenger approach requires instantaneous follow-up observations to better understand the nature of these events through complementary observational data. We present Astro-COLIBRI as a platform that integrates specific tools in the real-time multi-messenger ecosystem. The Astro-COLIBRI platform bundles and evaluates alerts about transients from various channels. It further automates the coordination of follow-up observations by providing and linking detailed information through its comprehensible graphical user interface. We present the fu…
The Gamow Explorer will use Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) to: 1) probe the high redshift universe (z > 6) when the first stars were born, galaxies formed and Hydrogen was reionized; and 2) enable multi-messenger astrophysics by rapidly identifying Electro-Magnetic (IR/Optical/X-ray) counterparts to Gravitational Wave (GW) events. GRBs have been detected out to z ~ 9 and their afterglows are a bright beacon lasting a few days that can be used to observe the spectral fingerprints of the host galaxy and intergalactic medium to map the period of reionization and early metal enrichment. Gamow Explorer is…
The Burst Observer and Optical Transient Exploring System (BOOTES) was first designed as an asset of autonomous telescopes that started to be deployed in 1998, taking 24 years to be fully developed around the Earth. Nowadays BOOTES has became a global network of robotic telescopes, being the first one present in all continents, as of 2022. Here we present the details of the network and review its achievements over the last two decades regarding follow-up observations of high-energy transient events. Moreover, considering the recent operations of neutrino and gravitational wave detectors, some …
The realization of multimessenger astrophysics will open new vistas upon the most energetic events in the universe. Messenger particles of all four of nature's fundamental forces, recorded by detectors on the ground and satellites in space, enable coincidence searches for multimessenger phenomena that will allow us to discover, observe, and explore these sources. The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) links multiple high-energy neutrino, cosmic ray, and gamma-ray observatories as well as gravitational wave facilities into a single virtual system, enabling near real-time co…
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is an integral part of the next-generation observatories that will survey the Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum, and beyond, revolutionizing our view of fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Owing to their extreme nature and clock-like properties, pulsars discovered and monitored by SKA will enable a broad range of scientific endeavour and play a key role in this quest. This chapter summarizes the pulsar-related science goals that will be reached with coordinated efforts among SKA and other next-generation astronomical facilities.
Observational strategies for ultrahigh-energy neutrinos: the importance of deep sensitivity for detection and astronomy
Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris（巴黎天体物理研究所）；Vrije Universiteit Brussels（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Universite Paris Diderot（巴黎第七大学）；Laboratoire de Physique Nucleaire et de Hautes Energies（核物理与高能物理实验室）；Center for Multimessenger Astrophysics（多信使天文学中心）；Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos（引力与宇宙研究所）
The recent discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart of the gravitational wave source GW170817 has demonstrated the huge informative power of multi-messenger observations. Late '20s and early '30s will be a mature era for multi-messenger astronomy. Consolidated network of second generation gravitational wave detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, KAGRA and LIGO-India, will be further powered by the contribution from third generation interferometers such as Einstein Telescope and/or Cosmic Explorer. Several astrophysical sources detectable in GWs are expected to radiate in the …
Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
We live in momentous times. The science community is empowered with an arsenal of cosmic messengers to study the Universe in unprecedented detail. Gravitational waves, electromagnetic waves, neutrinos and cosmic rays cover a wide range of wavelengths and time scales. Combining and processing these datasets that vary in volume, speed and dimensionality requires new modes of instrument coordination, funding and international collaboration with a specialized human and technological infrastructure. In tandem with the advent of large-scale scientific facilities, the last decade has experienced an u…
We present the status of the development of a Cherenkov telescope to be flown on a long-duration balloon flight, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2). EUSO-SPB2 is an approved NASA balloon mission that is planned to fly in 2023 and is a precursor of the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA), a candidate for an Astrophysics probe-class mission. The purpose of the Cherenkov telescope on-board EUSOSPB2 is to classify known and unknown sources of backgrounds for future space-based neutrino detectors. Furthermore, we will use the Earth-skimmin…
An agentic framework for gravitational-wave counterpart association in the multi-messenger era
Department of Astronomy, School of Physics（天文学系，物理系）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics（天体物理研究所）；Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy（引力波天文研究所）；School of Information Science and Technology（信息科学与技术学院）；National Astronomical Observatories（国家天文台）
Astrophysics spans an enormous range of questions on scales from individual planets to the entire cosmos. To address the richness of 21st century astrophysics requires a corresponding richness of telescopes spanning all bands and all messengers. Much scientific benefit comes from having the multi-wavelength capability available at the same time. Most of these bands,or measurement sensitivities, require space-based missions. Historically, NASA has addressed this need for breadth with a small number of flagship-class missions and a larger number of Explorer missions. While the Explorer program c…
