Let $S=(G, σ)$ be a signed graph where $G=(V, E)$ is a graph called the underlying graph of $S$ and $σ:E(G) \rightarrow \{+,~-\}$. Let $f:V(G) \rightarrow \{1,2,\dots,|V(G)|\}$ such that $σ(uv)=+$ if and only if $f(u)$ and $f(v)$ are of same parity and $σ(uv)=-$ if and only if $f(u)$ and $f(v)$ are of opposite parity. Under $f$ we get a signed graph $G_f$ denoted as $S$, which is a parity signed graph. In this paper, we initiate the study of parity labeling in signed graphs and we define and find `rna' number denoted as $σ^-(S)$ for some classes of signed graphs. We also characterize some signed graphs which are parity signed graphs. Some directions for further research are also suggested.
We describe parity labelings of signed graphs; equivalently, cuts of the underlying graph that have nearly equal sides. We characterize the balanced signed graphs which are parity signed graphs. We give structural characterizations of all parity signed stars, bistars, cycles, paths and complete bipartite graphs. The rna number of a graph is the smallest cut size that has nearly equal sides; we find it for a few classes of parity signed graphs.
In order to study signed Eulerian numbers, we introduce permutations of a particular type, called parity-alternate permutations, because they take even and odd entries alternately. The objective of this paper is twofold. The first is to derive several properties of those permutations, by subdividing them into even and odd ones. The second is to discuss relationships between those and signed Eulerian numbers. Divisibility properties by prime powers are also deduced for signed Eulerian numbers and several related numbers.
The study on parity signed graphs was initiated by Acharya and Kureethara very recently and then followed by Zaslavsky etc.. Let $(G,σ)$ be a signed graph on $n$ vertices. If $(G,σ)$ is switch-equivalent to $(G,+)$ at a set of $\lfloor \frac{n}{2} \rfloor$ many vertices, then we call $(G,σ)$ a parity signed graph and $σ$ a parity-signature. $Σ^{-}(G)$ is defined as the set of the number of negative edges of $(G,σ)$ over all possible parity-signatures $σ$. The $rna$ number $σ^-(G)$ of $G$ is given by $σ^-(G)=\min Σ^{-}(G)$. In other words, $σ^-(G)$ is the smallest cut size that has nearly equal…
The $k$-power hypergraph $G^{(k)}$ is the $k$-uniform hypergraph that is obtained by adding $k-2$ new vertices to each edge of a graph $G$, for $k \geq 3$. A parity-closed walk in $G$ is a closed walk that uses each edge an even number of times. In an earlier paper, we determined the eigenvalues of the adjacency tensor of $G^{(k)}$ using the eigenvalues of signed subgraphs of $G$. Here, we express the entire spectrum (that is, we determine all multiplicities and the characteristic polynomial) of $G^{(k)}$ in terms of parity-closed walks of $G$. Moreover, we give an explicit expression for the …
A signed graph $Σ=(G,σ)$ is said to be parity signed if there exists a bijection $f : V(G) \rightarrow \{1,2,...,|V(G)|\}$ such that $σ(uv)=+$ if and only if $f(u)$ and $f(v)$ are of same parity, where $uv$ is an edge of $G$. The rna number of a graph $G$, denoted $σ^{-}(G)$, is the minimum number of negative edges among all possible parity signed graphs over $G$. The rna number is also equal to the minimum cut size that has nearly equal sides. In this paper, for generalized Petersen graph $P(n,k)$, we prove that $3 \leq σ^{-}(P(n,k)) \leq n$ and these bounds are sharp. The exact value of $σ^{…
In a signed graph each edge has a sign, $+1$ or $-1$. We introduce in the present paper a new definition of connection in a signed graph by the existence of both positive and negative chains between vertices. We prove some results and properties of this definition, such as sign components, sign articulation vertices, and sign isthmi, and we compare them to corresponding graph and signed-graphic matroid properties. We apply our results to signed graphs without positive cycles. For signed graphs in which every edge is negative our properties become parity properties.
Signed Counting on Restricted Partitions and Combinatorial Proofs of Three Identities
College of Mathematics and Statistics & Center for Discrete Mathematics, Chongqing University（重庆大学数学与统计学院与离散数学中心）；College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University（重庆大学数学与统计学院）
We associate a signed digraph with a list of matrices whose dimensions permit them to be multiplied, and whose product is square. Cycles in this graph have a parity, that is, they are either even (termed e-cycles) or odd (termed o-cycles). The absence of e-cycles in the graph is shown to imply that the matrix product is a P0-matrix, i.e., all of its principal minors are nonnegative. Conversely, the presence of an e-cycle is shown to imply that there exists a list of matrices associated with the graph whose product fails to be a P0-matrix. The results generalise a number of previous results rel…
Let $G$ be a simple connected graph. For any two vertices $u$ and $v$, let $d(u,v)$ denote the distance between $u$ and $v$ in $G$. A radio-$k$-labeling of $G$ for a fixed positive integer $k$ is a function $f$ which assigns to each vertex a non-negative integer label such that for every two vertices $u$ and $ v $ in $G$, $|f(u)-f(v)| \geq k - d(u,v) +1$. The span of $f$ is the difference between the largest and smallest labels of $f(V)$. The radio-$k$-number of a graph $G$, denoted by $rn_k(G)$, is the smallest span among all radio-$k$-labelings admitted by $G$. A cycle $C_n$ has diameter $d=…
Weighted Counting Formula and $2n/21$ Lower Bound for Induced Subgraphs with Prescribed Degree Parities
Royal Holloway University of London（伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University（南开大学数学科学学院和理论力学与 Mechanics 研究中心）；Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）
