While it remains a taboo topic, gender-based violence (GBV) undermines the health, dignity, security and autonomy of its victims. Many factors have been studied to generate or maintain this kind of violence, however, the influence of the media is still uncertain. Here, we use Machine Learning tools to extrapolate the effect of the news in GBV. By feeding neural networks with news, the topic information associated with each article can be recovered. Our findings show a relationship between GBV news and public awareness, the effect of mediatic GBV cases, and the intrinsic thematic relationship of GBV news. Because the used neural model can be easily adjusted, this also allows us to extend our approach to other media sources or topics
I present here an experimental system for identifying and annotating metaphor in corpora. It is designed to plug in to Metacorps, an experimental web app for annotating metaphor. As Metacorps users annotate metaphors, the system will use user annotations as training data. When the system is confident, it will suggest an identification and an annotation. Once approved by the user, this becomes more training data. This naturally allows for transfer learning, where the system can, with some known degree of reliability, classify one class of metaphor after only being trained on another class of me…
Cultural and social dynamics are important concepts that must be understood in order to grasp what a community cares about. To that end, an excellent source of information on what occurs in a community is the news, especially in recent years, when mass media giants use social networks to communicate and interact with their audience. In this work, we use a method to discover latent topics in tweets from Colombian Twitter news accounts in order to identify the most prominent events in the country. We pay particular attention to security, violence and crime-related tweets because of the violent e…
Frame Semantic Patterns for Identifying Underreporting of Notifiable Events in Healthcare: The Case of Gender-Based Violence
Federal University of Juiz de Fora（联邦大学-巴西吉尔兹德福拉）；FrameNet Brasil（FrameNet巴西）；University of Gothenburg（哥德堡大学）；Vital Strategies Brasil（Vital Strategies巴西）；Federal University of Minas Gerais（巴西矿务联邦大学）；Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq（巴西科学和技术发展国家委员会–CNPq）
Echoes of Unrest: A Multimodal NLP Framework for Early Warning of Fake News and Violence-Driven Mob Activity
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaka International University（达卡国际大学计算机科学与工程系）；Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology（孟加拉国工程技术大学计算机科学与工程系）
The media attention to the personal sphere of famous and important individuals has become a key element of the gender narrative. Here we combine lexical, syntactic and sentiment analysis to investigate the role of gender in the personalization of a wide range of political office holders in Italy during the period 2017-2020. On the basis of a score for words that is introduced to account for gender unbalance in both representative and news coverage, we show that the political personalization in Italy is more detrimental for women than men, with the persistence of entrenched stereotypes includin…
Contemporary debates on filter bubbles and polarization in public and social media raise the question to what extent news media of the past exhibited biases. This paper specifically examines bias related to gender in six Dutch national newspapers between 1950 and 1990. We measure bias related to gender by comparing local changes in word embedding models trained on newspapers with divergent ideological backgrounds. We demonstrate clear differences in gender bias and changes within and between newspapers over time. In relation to themes such as sexuality and leisure, we see the bias moving towar…
Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；PACTE（PACTE实验室）；LIG（格勒诺布尔信息学实验室）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Sciences Po Grenoble（格勒诺布尔政治学院）；Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔理工学院）
In this article, we present {\it GenderedNews} (\url{https://gendered-news.imag.fr}), an online dashboard which gives weekly measures of gender imbalance in French online press. We use Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to quantify gender inequalities in the media, in the wake of global projects like the Global Media Monitoring Project. Such projects are instrumental in highlighting gender imbalance in the media and its very slow evolution. However, their generalisation is limited by their sampling and cost in terms of time, data and staff. Automation allows us to offer complementary me…
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology（毛拉纳·阿布·卡拉姆·阿扎德理工大学）
The growing political polarization of the American electorate over the last several decades has been widely studied and documented. During the administration of President Donald Trump, charges of "fake news" made social and news media not only the means but, to an unprecedented extent, the topic of political communication. Using data from before the November 3rd, 2020 US Presidential election, recent work has demonstrated the viability of using YouTube's social media ecosystem to obtain insights into the extent of US political polarization as well as the relationship between this polarization …
This paper presents research uncovering systematic gender bias in the representation of political leaders in the media, using artificial intelligence. Newspaper coverage of Irish ministers over a fifteen year period was gathered and analysed with natural language processing techniques and machine learning. Findings demonstrate evidence of gender bias in the portrayal of female politicians, the kind of policies they were associated with and how they were evaluated in terms of their performance as political leaders. This paper also sets out a methodology whereby media content may be analysed on …
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；University of Chile（智利大学）
Growing polarization of the news media has been blamed for fanning disagreement, controversy and even violence. Early identification of polarized topics is thus an urgent matter that can help mitigate conflict. However, accurate measurement of topic-wise polarization is still an open research challenge. To address this gap, we propose Partisanship-aware Contextualized Topic Embeddings (PaCTE), a method to automatically detect polarized topics from partisan news sources. Specifically, utilizing a language model that has been finetuned on recognizing partisanship of the news articles, we represe…
University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；University of Pavia（帕维亚大学）
Different linguistic expressions can conceptualize the same event from different viewpoints by emphasizing certain participants over others. Here, we investigate a case where this has social consequences: how do linguistic expressions of gender-based violence (GBV) influence who we perceive as responsible? We build on previous psycholinguistic research in this area and conduct a large-scale perception survey of GBV descriptions automatically extracted from a corpus of Italian newspapers. We then train regression models that predict the salience of GBV participants with respect to different dim…
The Uli Dataset: An Exercise in Experience Led Annotation of oGBV
University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Tattle Civic Tech（塔特尔公民科技）；Bebaak Collective（贝巴克集体）；National Council of Women Leaders（全国女性领袖委员会）；Chambal Media/Khabar Lahariya（昌巴尔媒体/赫拉哈里亚新闻）；Center for Internet and Society（互联网与社会中心）
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Illinois Institute of Technology（伊利诺伊理工学院）
False news that spreads on social media has proliferated over the past years and has led to multi-aspect threats in the real world. While there are studies of false news on specific domains (like politics or health care), little work is found comparing false news across domains. In this article, we investigate false news across nine domains on Weibo, the largest Twitter-like social media platform in China, from 2009 to 2019. The newly collected data comprise 44,728 posts in the nine domains, published by 40,215 users, and reposted over 3.4 million times. Based on the distributions and spreads …
University of California-Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；UCLA Fielding School of Public Health（加州大学洛杉矶分校菲尔丁公共卫生学院）
There is an escalating need for methods to identify latent patterns in text data from many domains. We introduce a new method to identify topics in a corpus and represent documents as topic sequences. Discourse Atom Topic Modeling draws on advances in theoretical machine learning to integrate topic modeling and word embedding, capitalizing on the distinct capabilities of each. We first identify a set of vectors ("discourse atoms") that provide a sparse representation of an embedding space. Atom vectors can be interpreted as latent topics: Through a generative model, atoms map onto distribution…
There are concerns that neural language models may preserve some of the stereotypes of the underlying societies that generate the large corpora needed to train these models. For example, gender bias is a significant problem when generating text, and its unintended memorization could impact the user experience of many applications (e.g., the smart-compose feature in Gmail). In this paper, we introduce a novel architecture that decouples the representation learning of a neural model from its memory management role. This architecture allows us to update a memory module with an equal ratio across …
Boston University（波士顿大学）；Microsoft Research New England（微软研究院新英格兰分院）
The blind application of machine learning runs the risk of amplifying biases present in data. Such a danger is facing us with word embedding, a popular framework to represent text data as vectors which has been used in many machine learning and natural language processing tasks. We show that even word embeddings trained on Google News articles exhibit female/male gender stereotypes to a disturbing extent. This raises concerns because their widespread use, as we describe, often tends to amplify these biases. Geometrically, gender bias is first shown to be captured by a direction in the word emb…
