Aims. Interacting galaxies show unique irregularities in their kinematic structure. By investigating the spatially resolved kinematics and stellar population properties of galaxies that show irregularities, we can paint a detailed picture of the formation and evolutionary processes that took place during its lifetimes. Methods. In this work, we focus on galaxies with a specific kinematic irregularity, a kinematically distinct stellar core (KDC), in particular, counter-rotating galaxies where the core and main body of the galaxy are rotating in opposite directions. We visually identify eleven MaNGA galaxies with a KDC from their stellar kinematics, and investigate their spatially resolved stellar and gaseous kinematic properties, namely the two-dimensional stellar and gaseous velocity and velocity dispersion (σ) maps. Additionally, we examine the stellar population properties, as well as spatially resolved recent star formation histories using the Dn4000 and Hδ gradients. Results. The galaxies display multiple off-centred, symmetrical peaks in the stellar σ maps. The gaseous velocity and σ maps display regular properties. The stellar population properties and their respective gradients show differing properties depending on the results of the spatially resolved emission line diagnostics of the galaxies, with some galaxies showing inside-out quenching but others not. The star formation histories also largely differ based on the spatially resolved emission line diagnostics, but most galaxies show indications of recent star formation either in their outskirts or core. Conclusions. We find a distinct difference in kinematic and stellar population properties in galaxies with a counter-rotating stellar core, depending on its classification using spatially resolved emission line diagnostics.
We report on the discovery of a rare case of spatially and kinematically resolved galactic scale outflow at intermediate redshift, based on VLT/MUSE optical integral field spectroscopic observation of the quasar HE 0238$-$1904. This classical non-broad absorption line (non-BAL) quasar at $z=0.631$ remains underexplored in its optical emission lines, though its UV absorption lines are well-studied. We identify a superbubble driven by HE 0238$-$1904 from the emission line morphology, line ratio diagnostics and kinematics, showing a one-sided outflow reaching a projected distance of $R \sim 55$ k…
We select 456 galaxies with kinematically misaligned gas and stellar components from 9546 parent galaxies in MaNGA, and classify them into 72 star-forming galaxies, 142 green-valley galaxies and 242 quiescent galaxies. Comparing the spatial resolved properties of the misaligned galaxies with control samples closely match in the D$_n$4000 and stellar velocity dispersion, we find that: (1) the misaligned galaxies have lower values in $V_{\rm gas}/σ_{\rm gas}$ and $V_{\rm star}/σ_{\rm star}$ (the ratio between ordered to random motion of gas and stellar components) across the entire galaxies than…
Integral field spectroscopy surveys provide spatially resolved gas and stellar kinematics of galaxies. They have unveiled a range of atypical kinematic phenomena, which require detailed modelling to understand. We present results from a cosmological simulation that includes stellar and AGN feedback. We find that the distribution of angles between the gas and stellar angular momenta of galaxies is not affected by projection effects. We examine five galaxies ($\approx 6$ per cent of well resolved galaxies) that display atypical kinematics; two of the galaxies have kinematically distinct cores (K…
Despite decreasing cosmic star formation rate density over the last 10 Gyr, the stellar mass ($M_{*}$) buildups in galaxies were still progressing during this epoch. About 50\% of the current $M_{*}$ density in the universe was built over the last $\sim 8.7$ Gyr. In this research, we investigated the stellar mass buildup and quenching of spatially resolved regions within massive disk galaxies over the last 10 Gyr. We apply the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting method to SEDs of sub-galactic regions in galaxies to derive the spatially resolved distributions of SFR and $M_{*}$ in the ga…
Spectrally and spatially resolved (sub)millimeter HCN-to-HCO$^{+}$ flux ratios in nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS)（日本国立天文台，国立自然科学研究院）；Department of Astronomy, School of Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)（高级研究大学院大学（SOKENDAI）理学部天文学科）；Toyo University（东洋大学）；Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba（筑波大学纯应用科学研究所）；Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba（筑波大学丰顺伽宇宙历史中心）；Tsukuba Institute for Advanced Research (TIAR), University of Tsukuba（筑波大学筑波高等研究院 (TIAR)）；Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency（日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所）
SPT0346-52 is one of the most most luminous and intensely star-forming galaxies in the universe, with L_FIR > 10^13 L_sol and Sigma_SFR ~ 4200 M_sol yr^-1 kpc^-2. In this paper, we present ~0.15'' ALMA observations of the [CII]158micron emission line in this z=5.7 dusty star-forming galaxy. We use a pixellated lensing reconstruction code to spatially and kinematically resolve the source-plane [CII] and rest-frame 158 micron dust continuum structure at ~700 pc (~0.12'') resolution. We discuss the [CII] deficit with a pixellated study of the L_[CII]/L_FIR ratio in the source plane. We find that …
We investigate a relation between surface densities of star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass ($M_{*}$) at a $\sim 1$ kpc scale namely spatially resolved star formation main sequence (SFMS) in massive ($\log(M_{*}/M_{\odot})>10.5$) face-on disc galaxies at $0.01<z<0.02$ and $0.8<z<1.8$ and examine evolution of the relation. The spatially resolved SFMS of $z\sim 0$ galaxies is discussed in a companion paper. For $z\sim 1$ sample, we use 8 bands imaging dataset from CANDELS and 3D-HST and perform a pixel-to-pixel SED fitting to derive the spatially resolved SFR and $M_{*}$. We find a linear …
Explaining the internal distribution and motions of stars and gas in galaxies is a key aspect in understanding their evolution. In previous work we identified five well resolved galaxies with atypical kinematics from a cosmological simulation; two had kinematically distinct cores (KDCs), and three had counter-rotating gas and stars (CRGD). In this paper, we show that i) the KDC galaxies have flattening of stellar [O/Fe] at large galacto-centric radii due to the minor mergers that gave rise to the KDCs, and ii) the CRGD galaxies have an abrupt transition in the gas metallicity maps, from high m…
Extremely metal-poor, high-ionizing starbursts in the local Universe provide unique laboratories for exploring in detail the physics of high-redshift systems. Also, their ongoing star-formation and haphazard morphology make them outstanding proxies for primordial galaxies. Using integral field spectroscopy, we spatially resolved the ISM properties and massive stars of two first-class low metallicity galaxies with Wolf-Rayet features and nebular HeII emission: Mrk178 and IZw18. In this review, we summarize our main results for these two objects.
We report spatially-resolved [CII]$λ158$ $μ$m observations of HE 0433-1028, which is the first detection of a nearby luminous AGN (redshift 0.0355) with FIFI-LS onboard the airborne observatory SOFIA. We compare the spatially-resolved star formation tracers [CII], as provided by our SOFIA observations, and H$α$ from MUSE optical integral-field spectroscopy. We find that the [CII] emission is mainly matching the extended star formation as traced by the extinction-corrected H$α$ line emission but some additional flux is present. While a larger sample is needed to statistically confirm our findin…
Stationary Density Wave Theory predicts the existence of an age gradient across the spiral arms with a phase crossing at the co-rotation radius. Using star formation history (SFH) maps of 12 nearby spiral galaxies derived from \textsc{LIGHTNING} \citep{Eufracio:2017}, a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting procedure, and by using \textsc{Spirality} \citep{Shield:2015} a \textsc{MATLAB}-based code which plots synthetic spiral arms over \textsc{FITS} images, we have found a gradual decrement in pitch angles with increasing age, thus providing us with evidence in favour of the Stationary De…
Projected in the sky, galaxies are spatially-resolved objects. To understand how they formed and evolve it is necessary to study the spatial distribution of their observables. In this review talk, we briefly describe some scaling relations used to understand the physical processes that drive galaxy evolution, in particular for disk-like star-forming galaxies. First, we explore the relations derived using integrated galactic properties, then we introduce the scaling relations at kpc scales derived using the technique called Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) for large samples of galaxies in the …
The scatter of the spatially resolved star formation main sequence (SFMS) is investigated in order to reveal signatures about the processes of galaxy formation and evolution. We have assembled a sample of 355 nearby galaxies with spatially resolved Hα and mid-infrared fluxes from the Survey for Ionized Neutral Gas in Galaxies and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, respectively. We examine the impact of various star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass transformations on the SFMS. Ranging from 10^6 to 10^11.5 M_sun and derived from color to mass-to-light ratio methods for mid-infrared ba…
We present spatially resolved BPT mapping of the extended narrow line regions (ENLRs) of seven nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies, using HST narrow band filter imaging. We construct the BPT diagrams using $\leq$ 0.1" resolution emission line images of [O III]$λ$5007, H$α$, [S II]$λ$$λ$6717,6731, and H$β$. By mapping these diagnostic lines according to the BPT classification, we dissect the ENLR into Seyfert, LINER, and star-forming regions. The nucleus and ionization cones are dominated by Seyfert-type emission, which can be interpreted as predominantly photoionization by the active galactic nucleus (A…
It is suggested that the wavelike character of the recently discovered 2.7-kiloparsec spatially and kinematically coherent complex of interstellar clouds in the solar neighborhood--the Radcliffe Wave--may be the result of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability arising at the interface between the Galactic disk and non-corotating halo.
Our understanding of the structure, composition and evolution of galaxies has strongly improved in the last decades, mostly due to new results based on large spectroscopic and imaging surveys. In particular, the nature of ionized gas, its ionization mechanisms, its relation with the stellar properties and chemical composition, the existence of scaling relations that describe the cycle between stars and gas, and the corresponding evolution patterns have been widely explored and described. More recently, the introduction of additional techniques, in particular Integral Field Spectroscopy, and th…
We analyse the spatially resolved relation between stellar mass (M$_{\star}$) and star formation rate (SFR) in disk galaxies (i.e. the Main Sequence, MS). The studied sample includes eight nearby face-on grand-design spirals, e.g. the descendant of high-redshift, rotationally-supported star-forming galaxies. We exploit photometric information over 23 bands, from the UV to the far-IR, from the publicly available DustPedia database to build spatially resolved maps of stellar mass and star formation rates on sub-galactic scales of 0.5-1.5 kpc, by performing a spectral energy distribution fitting …
In this paper we investigate the statistical properties of the Tully-Fisher relation for a sample of 32 galaxies with measured distances from the Cepheid period-luminosity relation and/or TRGB stars. We take advantage of panchromatic photometry in 12 bands (from FUV to 4.5 $μ$m) and of spatially resolved HI kinematics. We use these data together with three kinematic measures ($W^{i}_{50}$, $V_{max}$ and $V_{flat}$) extracted from the global HI profiles or HI rotation curves, so as to construct 36 correlations allowing us to select the one with the least scatter. We introduce a tightness parame…
Aims: There is a spatially resolved star-forming main sequence (rSFMS) and mass-metallicity relation (rMZR) of galaxies in local universe. We know that the global mass-metallicity relation (MZR) results from the integral of rMZR, and it will evolve with the redshift. However, the evolution of rMZR with redshift is still unclear due to the low spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. There are currently too few observations beyond local universe, and only simulations can reproduce the evolution of rMZR with redshift. Methods: In this work, we select ten emission-line galaxies with an avera…
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Galaxy Zoo project has revealed a number of spectacular galaxies possessing Extended Emission-Line Regions (EELRs), the most famous being Hanny's Voorwerp galaxy. We present another EELR object discovered in the SDSS endeavor: the Teacup Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), nicknamed for its EELR, which has a handle like structure protruding 15 kpc into the northeast quadrant of the galaxy. We analyze physical conditions of this galaxy with long-slit ground based spectroscopy from Lowell, Lick, and KPNO observatories. With the Lowell 1.8m Perkin's telescope we too…
We investigate the relation between star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass ($M_*$) in sub-galactic ($\sim 1$kpc) scale of 93 local ($0.01<z<0.02$) massive ($M_*>10^{10.5}M_{\odot}$) spiral galaxies. To derive spatially-resolved SFR and stellar mass, we perform so-called pixel-to-pixel SED fitting, which fits an observed spatially-resolved multiband SED with a library of model SEDs using Bayesian statistics approach. We use 2 bands (FUV and NUV) and 5 bands ($u$, $g$, $r$, $i$, and $z$) imaging data from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), respectively. We…
We present spatially resolved mass outflow rate measurements ($\dot M_{out}$) for the narrow line region of Markarian 34, the nearest Compton-thick type 2 quasar (QSO2). Spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and at Apache Point Observatory reveal complex kinematics, with distinct signatures of outflow and rotation within 2 kpc of the nucleus. Using multi-component photoionization models, we find that the outflow contains a total ionized gas mass of $M \approx 1.6 \times 10^6 M_{\odot}$. Combining this with the kinematics yields a peak outflow rate of $\dot M_{out} \approx 2.0 \pm 0.…
We present the results of CO(J=3-2) on-the-fly mappings of two nearby non-barred spiral galaxies NGC 628 and NGC 7793 with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment at an effective angular resolution of 25". We successfully obtained global distributions of CO(J=3-2) emission over the entire disks at a sub-kpc resolution for both galaxies. We examined the spatially-resolved (sub-kpc) relationship between CO(J=3-2) luminosities (L'CO(3-2)) and infrared (IR) luminosities (LIR) for NGC 628, NGC 7793, and M 83, and compared it with global luminosities of JCMT Nearby Galaxy Legacy Survey sample…
We study spatially resolved scaling relations among stars, dust, and gas in ten nearby spiral galaxies. In a preceding paper Abdurro'uf et al. (2022), we have derived spatially resolved properties of the stellar population and dust by panchromatic spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting using piXedfit. Now, we investigate resolved star formation ($Σ_{\rm H_{2}}$--$Σ_{\rm SFR}$--$Σ_{*}$) and dust scaling relations. While the relations with all sub-galactic regions of the galaxies are reasonably tight ($σ\lesssim 0.3$ dex), we find that most of the scaling relations exhibit galaxy-to-galaxy v…
3C295 is a bright, compact steep spectrum source with a well-studied integrated radio spectral energy distribution (SED) from 132 MHz to 15 GHz. However, spatially resolved spectral studies have been limited due to a lack of high resolution images at low radio frequencies. These frequencies are crucial for measuring absorption processes, and anchoring the overall spectral modelling of the radio SED. In this paper, we use International LOFAR (LOw-Frequency ARray) Telescope (ILT) observations of 3C295 to study its spatially resolved spectral properties with sub-arcsecond resolution at 132 MHz. C…
GRB 020903 is a long-duration gamma ray burst (LGRB) with a host galaxy close enough and extended enough for spatially-resolved observations, making it one of less than a dozen GRBs where such host studies are possible. GRB 020903 lies in a galaxy host complex that appears to consist of four interacting components. Here we present the results of spatially-resolved spectroscopic observations of the GRB 020903 host. By taking observations at two different position angles we were able to obtain optical spectra (3600-9000Å) of multiple regions in the galaxy. We confirm redshifts for three regions …
We present the delay time distribution (DTD) estimates of Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) using spatially resolved SN~Ia host galaxy spectra from MUSE and MaNGA. By employing a grouping algorithm based on k-means and earth mover's distances (EMD), we separated the host galaxy star formation histories (SFHs) into spatially distinct regions and used maximum likelihood method to constrain the DTD of SNe Ia progenitors. When a power-law model of the form $DTD(t)\propto t^{s} (t>τ)$ is used, we found an SN rate decay slope $s=-1.41^{+0.32}_{-0.33}$ and a delay time $τ=120^{+142}_{-83} Myr$ . Moreover, …
The kinematics of galaxies provide valuable insights in their physics and assembly history. Kinematics are governed not only by the gravitational potential, but also by merger events and stellar feedback processes such as stellar winds and supernova explosions. Aims. We aim at identifying what governs the kinematics in a sample of SDSS selected nearby starburst galaxies, by obtaining spatially resolved measurements of the gas and stellar kinematics. We obtain near-infrared integral field K-band spectroscopy with VLT/SINFONI of 15 compact starburst galaxies. We derive the integrated as well as …
Young stars accrete mass and angular momentum from their circumstellar disks. Some of them also drive outflows, which can be distinguished in optical forbidden emission lines (FELs). We analyze a sample of binary T Tauri stars observed with long-slit spectroscopy by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), searching for spatially resolved outflows. We detect resolved [O I] emission in two cases out of twenty one. In DF Tau we resolve high and medium velocity outflows in a jet and counterjet out to 60 au. The outflows are accelerated within the inner 12 au and retain a constant speed thereafter. In UY…
A near-infrared excess is detected at the white dwarf PHL5038 in UKIDSS photometry, consistent with the presence of a cool, substellar companion. We have obtained H- and K-grism spectra and images of PHL5038 using NIRI on Gemini North. The target is spatially and spectrally resolved into two components; an 8000K DA white dwarf, and a likely L8 brown dwarf companion, separated by 0.94". The spectral type of the secondary was determined using standard spectral indices for late L and T dwarfs. The projected orbital separation of the binary is 55AU, and so it becomes only the second known wide WD+…
We present results from a survey searching for spatially resolved near-infrared line emission from molecular hydrogen gas in the circumstellar environments of nine young stars: AA Tau, AB Aur, DoAr 21, GG Tau, GM Aur, LkCa 15, LkH$α$ 264, UY Aur, and V773 Tau. Prior high-resolution spectra of these stars showed the presence of ro-vibrational H$_2$ line emission at 2.12$μ$m with characteristics more typical of gas located in proto-planetary disks rather than outflows. In this study, we spatially resolve the H$_2$ emission in the eight stars where it is detected. LkCa 15 is the only target that …
