电极化3D打印石墨烯共混间隔物对水过滤膜通量增强和抗结垢性的功效
Efficacy of Electrically-Polarized 3D Printed Graphene-blended Spacers on the Flux Enhancement and Scaling Resistance of Water Filtration Membranes
摘要：
在这项研究中，首次通过一种新的制造方法引入了一种电极化的石墨烯-聚乳酸（E-GRP）间隔物，该方法包括3D打印，然后在高压电场（1.5 kV/cm）下进行电极化。制造的E-GRP在反渗透驱动过程（正渗透系统）中进行测试，以评估其在水通量、反向溶质通量和离子吸引方面的性能，并与3D打印的非极化石墨烯-聚乳酸（GRP）间隔物和聚乳酸（PLA）间隔物进行比较。与使用GRP（20.5 ± 2.3 LMH）或PLA（20.8 ± 2.1 LMH）间隔物的系统相比，使用开发的E-GRP间隔物显示> 50%的水通量增强（32.4 ± 2 LMH）。这种增加的水通量归因于由于吸附在极化（E-GRP）间隔物上的离子而增加的跨膜渗透压。由于石膏聚集体和带负电荷表面之间的静电力的分散效应，与GRP间隔物相比，E-GRP间隔物还延迟了膜上的石膏结垢。通过观察其盐吸附性质（在3 M NaCl溶液中），显示E-GRP间隔物的电极化的强度保持> 100小时。
英文摘要：
In this research, an electrically-polarized graphene-polylactic acid (E-GRP) spacer is introduced for the first time by a novel fabrication method, which consists of 3D printing followed by electrical polarization under a high voltage electric field (1.5 kV/cm). The fabricated E-GRP was tested in an osmotic-driven process (forward osmosis system) to evaluate its performance in terms of water flux, reverse solute flux, and ion attraction compared to a 3D printed non-polarized graphene-polylactic acid (GRP) spacer and a polylactic acid (PLA) spacer. The use of the developed E-GRP spacer showed > 50% water flux enhancement (32.4 +- 2 LMH) compared to the system employing the GRP (20.5 +- 2.3 LMH) or PLA (20.8 +- 2.1 LMH) spacer. This increased water flux was attributed to the increased osmotic pressure across the membrane due to the ions adsorbed on the polarized (E-GRP) spacer. The E-GRP spacer also retarded the gypsum scaling on the membrane compared to the GRP spacer due to the dispersion effect of electrostatic forces between the gypsum aggregation and negatively charged surfaces. The electric polarization of the E-GRP spacer was shown to be maintained for > 100 h by observing its salt adsorption properties (in a 3 M NaCl solution).
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