量子理论是排他的：一种分布式计算架构
Quantum theory is exclusive: a distributed computing setup
AI总结：
本研究提出一种分布式计算架构，证明在无噪声传输线路有限使用下量子通信优于经典通信及广义概率理论，为量子理论的公理化推导提供新视角。
摘要：
分布式计算框架由多个空间上分离的输入-输出服务器组成，在远程数据操作中具有极其重要的地位。该架构中最具挑战性的部分之一是优化远程服务器之间信息传输线路的使用。在本研究中，我们为这种基于物理动机的分布式计算架构建立了模型，在无噪声传输线路的有限使用方面，量子通信优于其经典对应物。此外，一类更广泛的通信实体——其允许比量子理论更具异国情调的状态-效应描述，并在广义概率理论框架内进行描述——也无法达到量子理论的强度。量子通信的计算强度还通过该任务的一个更强版本，即延迟选择分布式计算，得到了进一步证明。因此，所提出的任务提供了一种在理论空间中操作性地挑选出量子理论的新方法，从而为希尔伯特空间量子力学的公理化推导提供了一个新的视角。
英文摘要：
The framework of distributed computing, consisting of several spatially separated input-output servers, has immense importance in distant data manipulation. One of the most challenging parts of this setting is to optimize the use of information transmission lines among distant servers. In this work, we have modeled such a physically motivated distributed computing setup for which quantum communication outperforms its classical counterpart, in terms of a limited usage of noiseless transmission lines. Moreover, a broader class of communication entities, that allow state-effect description more exotic than quantum and are described within the framework of generalized probabilistic theory, also fail to meet the strength of quantum theory. The computational strength of quantum communication has further been justified in terms of a stronger version of this task, namely the delayed-choice distributed computation. The proposed task thus provides a new approach to operationally single out quantum theory in the theory-space and hence promises a novel perspective towards the axiomatic derivation of Hilbert space quantum mechanics.
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