Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, but the continuously growing scale of models makes them challenging to deploy widely in practical applications. In particular, for real-time generation tasks, different devices require generators of different sizes due to varying computing power. In this paper, we introduce slimmable GANs (SlimGANs), which can flexibly switch the width of the generator to accommodate various quality-efficiency trade-offs at runtime. Specifically, we leverage multiple discriminators that share partial parameters to train the slimmable generator. To facilitate the \textit{consistency} between generators of different widths, we present a stepwise inplace distillation technique that encourages narrow generators to learn from wide ones. As for class-conditional generation, we propose a sliceable conditional batch normalization that incorporates the label information into different widths. Our methods are validated, both quantitatively and qualitatively, by extensive experiments and a detailed ablation study.
In recent years, there have been tremendous advancements in the field of machine learning. These advancements have been made through both academic as well as industrial research. Lately, a fair amount of research has been dedicated to the usage of generative models in the field of computer vision and image classification. These generative models have been popularized through a new framework called Generative Adversarial Networks. Moreover, many modified versions of this framework have been proposed in the last two years. We study the original model proposed by Goodfellow et al. as well as modi…
Modern scientific research and applications very often encounter "fragmentary data" which brings big challenges to imputation and prediction. By leveraging the structure of response patterns, we propose a unified and flexible framework based on Generative Adversarial Nets (GAN) to deal with fragmentary data imputation and label prediction at the same time. Unlike most of the other generative model based imputation methods that either have no theoretical guarantee or only consider Missing Completed At Random (MCAR), the proposed FragmGAN has theoretical guarantees for imputation with data Missi…
In this note, we point out a basic link between generative adversarial (GA) training and binary classification -- any powerful discriminator essentially computes an (f-)divergence between real and generated samples. The result, repeatedly re-derived in decision theory, has implications for GA Networks (GANs), providing an alternative perspective on training f-GANs by designing the discriminator loss function.
Korea University（高丽大学）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学）；University of Central Florida（中佛罗里达大学）
Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is a useful type of Neural Networks in various types of applications including generative models and feature extraction. Various types of GANs are being researched with different insights, resulting in a diverse family of GANs with a better performance in each generation. This review focuses on various GANs categorized by their common traits.
We propose a framework for generating samples from a probability distribution that differs from the probability distribution of the training set. We use an adversarial process that simultaneously trains three networks, a generator and two discriminators. We refer to this new model as regularized generative adversarial network (RegGAN). We evaluate RegGAN on a synthetic dataset composed of gray scale images and we further show that it can be used to learn some pre-specified notions in topology (basic topology properties). The work is motivated by practical problems encountered while using gener…
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Vector Institute（向量研究院）；St Michael’s Hospital（圣迈克尔医院）
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown considerable success, especially in the realistic generation of images. In this work, we apply similar techniques for the generation of text. We propose a novel approach to handle the discrete nature of text, during training, using word embeddings. Our method is agnostic to vocabulary size and achieves competitive results relative to methods with various discrete gradient estimators.
Image generation remains a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence in general and deep learning in specific. The generative adversarial network (GAN) was successful in generating high quality samples of natural images. We propose a model called composite generative adversarial network, that reveals the complex structure of images with multiple generators in which each generator generates some part of the image. Those parts are combined by alpha blending process to create a new single image. It can generate, for example, background and face sequentially with two generators, after trainin…
This work presents a thorough review concerning recent studies and text generation advancements using Generative Adversarial Networks. The usage of adversarial learning for text generation is promising as it provides alternatives to generate the so-called "natural" language. Nevertheless, adversarial text generation is not a simple task as its foremost architecture, the Generative Adversarial Networks, were designed to cope with continuous information (image) instead of discrete data (text). Thus, most works are based on three possible options, i.e., Gumbel-Softmax differentiation, Reinforceme…
This paper describes a method for using Generative Adversarial Networks to learn distributed representations of natural language documents. We propose a model that is based on the recently proposed Energy-Based GAN, but instead uses a Denoising Autoencoder as the discriminator network. Document representations are extracted from the hidden layer of the discriminator and evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Sketches are abstract representations of visual perception and visuospatial construction. In this work, we proposed a new framework, Generative Adversarial Networks with Conditional Neural Movement Primitives (GAN-CNMP), that incorporates a novel adversarial loss on CNMP to increase sketch smoothness and consistency. Through the experiments, we show that our model can be trained with few unlabeled samples, can construct distributions automatically in the latent space, and produces better results than the base model in terms of shape consistency and smoothness.
This report summarizes the tutorial presented by the author at NIPS 2016 on generative adversarial networks (GANs). The tutorial describes: (1) Why generative modeling is a topic worth studying, (2) how generative models work, and how GANs compare to other generative models, (3) the details of how GANs work, (4) research frontiers in GANs, and (5) state-of-the-art image models that combine GANs with other methods. Finally, the tutorial contains three exercises for readers to complete, and the solutions to these exercises.
RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project（理化学研究所先进智能项目中心）；Saitama Institute of Technology（埼玉工业大学）
Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and its variants exhibit state-of-the-art performance in the class of generative models. To capture higher-dimensional distributions, the common learning procedure requires high computational complexity and a large number of parameters. The problem of employing such massive framework arises when deploying it on a platform with limited computational power such as mobile phones. In this paper, we present a new generative adversarial framework by representing each layer as a tensor structure connected by multilinear operations, aiming to reduce the number of m…
The GANs are generative models whose random samples realistically reflect natural images. It also can generate samples with specific attributes by concatenating a condition vector into the input, yet research on this field is not well studied. We propose novel methods of conditioning generative adversarial networks (GANs) that achieve state-of-the-art results on MNIST and CIFAR-10. We mainly introduce two models: an information retrieving model that extracts conditional information from the samples, and a spatial bilinear pooling model that forms bilinear features derived from the spatial cros…
Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) receive great attentions recently due to its excellent performance in image generation, transformation, and super-resolution. However, GAN has rarely been studied and trained for classification, leading that the generated images may not be appropriate for classification. In this paper, we propose a novel Generative Adversarial Classifier (GAC) particularly for low-resolution Handwriting Character Recognition. Specifically, involving additionally a classifier in the training process of normal GANs, GAC is calibrated for learning suitable structures and rest…
Quantum machine learning is expected to be one of the first potential general-purpose applications of near-term quantum devices. A major recent breakthrough in classical machine learning is the notion of generative adversarial training, where the gradients of a discriminator model are used to train a separate generative model. In this work and a companion paper, we extend adversarial training to the quantum domain and show how to construct generative adversarial networks using quantum circuits. Furthermore, we also show how to compute gradients -- a key element in generative adversarial networ…
Adversarial learning of probabilistic models has recently emerged as a promising alternative to maximum likelihood. Implicit models such as generative adversarial networks (GAN) often generate better samples compared to explicit models trained by maximum likelihood. Yet, GANs sidestep the characterization of an explicit density which makes quantitative evaluations challenging. To bridge this gap, we propose Flow-GANs, a generative adversarial network for which we can perform exact likelihood evaluation, thus supporting both adversarial and maximum likelihood training. When trained adversariall…
Generative adversary networks (GANs) suffer from training pathologies such as instability and mode collapse, which mainly arise from a lack of diversity in their adversarial interactions. Co-evolutionary GAN (CoE-GAN) training algorithms have shown to be resilient to these pathologies. This article introduces Mustangs, a spatially distributed CoE-GAN, which fosters diversity by using different loss functions during the training. Experimental analysis on MNIST and CelebA demonstrated that Mustangs trains statistically more accurate generators.
MPI Tübingen（图宾根马普研究所）；Microsoft Research Cambridge（微软剑桥研究院）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are expressive latent variable models that can be used to learn complex probability distributions from training data. However, the quality of the resulting model crucially relies on the expressiveness of the inference model. We introduce Adversarial Variational Bayes (AVB), a technique for training Variational Autoencoders with arbitrarily expressive inference models. We achieve this by introducing an auxiliary discriminative network that allows to rephrase the maximum-likelihood-problem as a two-player game, hence establishing a principled connection between VA…
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) implicitly learn the probability distribution of a dataset and can draw samples from the distribution. This paper presents, Tabular GAN (TGAN), a generative adversarial network which can generate tabular data like medical or educational records. Using the power of deep neural networks, TGAN generates high-quality and fully synthetic tables while simultaneously generating discrete and continuous variables. When we evaluate our model on three datasets, we find that TGAN outperforms conventional statistical generative models in both capturing the correlation…
We present Generative Adversarial Capsule Network (CapsuleGAN), a framework that uses capsule networks (CapsNets) instead of the standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as discriminators within the generative adversarial network (GAN) setting, while modeling image data. We provide guidelines for designing CapsNet discriminators and the updated GAN objective function, which incorporates the CapsNet margin loss, for training CapsuleGAN models. We show that CapsuleGAN outperforms convolutional-GAN at modeling image data distribution on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets, evaluated on the generativ…
Adversarial examples are typically constructed by perturbing an existing data point within a small matrix norm, and current defense methods are focused on guarding against this type of attack. In this paper, we propose unrestricted adversarial examples, a new threat model where the attackers are not restricted to small norm-bounded perturbations. Different from perturbation-based attacks, we propose to synthesize unrestricted adversarial examples entirely from scratch using conditional generative models. Specifically, we first train an Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (AC-GA…
Recently the Generative Adversarial Network has become a hot topic. Considering the application of GAN in multi-user environment, we propose Distributed-GAN. It enables multiple users to train with their own data locally and generates more diverse samples. Users don't need to share data with each other to avoid the leakage of privacy. In recent years, commercial companies have launched cloud platforms based on artificial intelligence to provide model for users who lack computing power. We hope our work can inspire these companies to provide more powerful AI services.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；German Aerospace Center (DLR)（德国航空航天中心）；Philips Research U.S.A.（飞利浦美国研究院）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）
In this study we propose a new method to simulate hyper-realistic urban patterns using Generative Adversarial Networks trained with a global urban land-use inventory. We generated a synthetic urban "universe" that qualitatively reproduces the complex spatial organization observed in global urban patterns, while being able to quantitatively recover certain key high-level urban spatial metrics.
Missing data is a common problem faced with real-world datasets. Imputation is a widely used technique to estimate the missing data. State-of-the-art imputation approaches, such as Generative Adversarial Imputation Nets (GAIN), model the distribution of observed data to approximate the missing values. Such an approach usually models a single distribution for the entire dataset, which overlooks the class-specific characteristics of the data. Class-specific characteristics are especially useful when there is a class imbalance. We propose a new method for imputing missing data based on its class-…
One of the most discussed issues in graph generative modeling is the ordering of the representation. One solution consists of using equivariant generative functions, which ensure the ordering invariance. After having discussed some properties of such functions, we propose 3G-GAN, a 3-stages model relying on GANs and equivariant functions. The model is still under development. However, we present some encouraging exploratory experiments and discuss the issues still to be addressed.
Recently, deep neural networks have significant progress and successful application in various fields, but they are found vulnerable to attack instances, e.g., adversarial examples. State-of-art attack methods can generate attack images by adding small perturbation to the source image. These attack images can fool the classifier but have little impact to human. Therefore, such attack instances are difficult to generate by searching the feature space. How to design an effective and robust generating method has become a spotlight. Inspired by adversarial examples, we propose two novel generative…
The idea of style transfer has largely only been explored in image-based tasks, which we attribute in part to the specific nature of loss functions used for style transfer. We propose a general formulation of style transfer as an extension of generative adversarial networks, by using a discriminator to regularize a generator with an otherwise separate loss function. We apply our approach to the task of learning to play chess in the style of a specific player, and present empirical evidence for the viability of our approach.
This paper aims to contribute in bench-marking the automatic polyp segmentation problem using generative adversarial networks framework. Perceiving the problem as an image-to-image translation task, conditional generative adversarial networks are utilized to generate masks conditioned by the images as inputs. Both generator and discriminator are convolution neural networks based. The model achieved 0.4382 on Jaccard index and 0.611 as F2 score.
CitAI Research Center（CitAI研究中心）；University of London（伦敦大学）
In this paper we introduce Local Logo Generative Adversarial Network (LL-GAN) that uses regional features extracted from Faster R-CNN for logo generation. We demonstrate the strength of this approach by training the framework on a small style-rich dataset of real heavy metal logos to generate new ones. LL-GAN achieves Inception Score of 5.29 and Frechet Inception Distance of 223.94, improving on state-of-the-art models StyleGAN2 and Self-Attention GAN.
In this paper, we propose Orthogonal Generative Adversarial Networks (O-GANs). We decompose the network of discriminator orthogonally and add an extra loss into the objective of common GANs, which can enforce discriminator become an effective encoder. The same extra loss can be embedded into any kind of GANs and there is almost no increase in computation. Furthermore, we discuss the principle of our method, which is relative to the fully-exploiting of the remaining degrees of freedom of discriminator. As we know, our solution is the simplest approach to train a generative adversarial network w…
University of Nevada, Reno（内华达大学雷诺分校）；Deakin University（迪肯大学）
Electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition requires an automated system and analysis pipeline for understanding specific rhythm irregularities. Deep neural networks have become a popular technique for tracing ECG signals, outperforming human experts. Despite this, convolutional neural networks are susceptible to adversarial examples that can misclassify ECG signals and decrease the model's precision. Moreover, they do not generalize well on the out-of-distribution dataset. The GAN architecture has been employed in recent works to synthesize adversarial ECG signals to increase existing training data. …
In the years since Goodfellow et al. introduced Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), there has been an explosion in the breadth and quality of generative model applications. Despite this work, GANs still have a long way to go before they see mainstream adoption, owing largely to their infamous training instability. Here I propose the Autoencoding Generative Adversarial Network (AEGAN), a four-network model which learns a bijective mapping between a specified latent space and a given sample space by applying an adversarial loss and a reconstruction loss to both the generated images and the g…
Huawei Technologies Noah’s Ark Lab（华为技术诺亚方舟实验室）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
Generative adversarial models are powerful tools to model structure in complex distributions for a variety of tasks. Current techniques for learning generative models require an access to samples which have high quality, and advanced generative models are applied to generate samples from noisy training data through ambient modules. However, the modules are only practical for the output space of the generator, and their application in the hidden space is not well studied. In this paper, we extend the ambient module to the hidden space of the generator, and provide the uniqueness condition and t…
RJ Research Consulting（RJ研究咨询公司）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）
This paper first presents a theory for generative adversarial methods that does not rely on the traditional minimax formulation. It shows that with a strong discriminator, a good generator can be learned so that the KL divergence between the distributions of real data and generated data improves after each functional gradient step until it converges to zero. Based on the theory, we propose a new stable generative adversarial method. A theoretical insight into the original GAN from this new viewpoint is also provided. The experiments on image generation show the effectiveness of our new method.
University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Google Research（谷歌研究院）
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a type of generative model which have received much attention due to their ability to model complex real-world data. Despite their recent successes, the process of training GANs remains challenging, suffering from instability problems such as non-convergence, vanishing or exploding gradients, and mode collapse. In recent years, a diverse set of approaches have been proposed which focus on stabilizing the GAN training procedure. The purpose of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of the GAN training stabilization methods which can be foun…
AIFounded Inc.（AIFounded公司）；University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学）
Generative Adversarial Networks have become one of the most studied frameworks for unsupervised learning due to their intuitive formulation. They have also been shown to be capable of generating convincing examples in limited domains, such as low-resolution images. However, they still prove difficult to train in practice and tend to ignore modes of the data generating distribution. Quantitatively capturing effects such as mode coverage and more generally the quality of the generative model still remain elusive. We propose Generative Adversarial Parallelization, a framework in which many GANs o…
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Maluuba Research（Maluuba研究院）；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）
In this paper, we propose to equip Generative Adversarial Networks with the ability to produce direct energy estimates for samples.Specifically, we propose a flexible adversarial training framework, and prove this framework not only ensures the generator converges to the true data distribution, but also enables the discriminator to retain the density information at the global optimal. We derive the analytic form of the induced solution, and analyze the properties. In order to make the proposed framework trainable in practice, we introduce two effective approximation techniques. Empirically, th…
In this paper, we propose a multi-generator extension to the adversarial training framework, in which the objective of each generator is to represent a unique component of a target mixture distribution. In the training phase, the generators cooperate to represent, as a mixture, the target distribution while maintaining distinct manifolds. As opposed to traditional generative models, inference from a particular generator after training resembles selective sampling from a unique component in the target distribution. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture both analytically an…
Current AI-generated music lacks fundamental principles of good compositional techniques. By narrowing down implementation issues both programmatically and musically, we can create a better understanding of what parameters are necessary for a generated composition nearly indistinguishable from that of a master composer.
In this paper we present a method for learning a discriminative classifier from unlabeled or partially labeled data. Our approach is based on an objective function that trades-off mutual information between observed examples and their predicted categorical class distribution, against robustness of the classifier to an adversarial generative model. The resulting algorithm can either be interpreted as a natural generalization of the generative adversarial networks (GAN) framework or as an extension of the regularized information maximization (RIM) framework to robust classification against an op…
As a new approach to train generative models, \emph{generative adversarial networks} (GANs) have achieved considerable success in image generation. This framework has also recently been applied to data with graph structures. We propose labeled-graph generative adversarial networks (LGGAN) to train deep generative models for graph-structured data with node labels. We test the approach on various types of graph datasets, such as collections of citation networks and protein graphs. Experiment results show that our model can generate diverse labeled graphs that match the structural characteristics…
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have proven hugely successful in variety of applications of image processing. However, generative adversarial networks for handwriting is relatively rare somehow because of difficulty of handling sequential handwriting data by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this paper, we propose a handwriting generative adversarial network framework (HWGANs) for synthesizing handwritten stroke data. The main features of the new framework include: (i) A discriminator consists of an integrated CNN-Long-Short-Term- Memory (LSTM) based feature extraction with Path Si…
SRM Institute of Science and Technology（SRM科学技术学院）
We introduce a method to generate synthetic protein sequences which are predicted to be resistant to certain antibiotics. We did this using 6,023 genes that were predicted to be resistant to antibiotics in the intestinal region of the human gut and were fed as input to a Wasserstein generative adversarial network (W-GAN) model a variant to the original generative adversarial model which has been known to perform efficiently when it comes to mimicking the distribution of the real data in order to generate new data which is similar in style to the original data which was fed as the training data
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
We study the problem of multimodal generative modelling of images based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). Despite the success of existing methods, they often ignore the underlying structure of vision data or its multimodal generation characteristics. To address this problem, we introduce the Dirichlet prior for multimodal image generation, which leads to a new Latent Dirichlet Allocation based GAN (LDAGAN). In detail, for the generative process modelling, LDAGAN defines a generative mode for each sample, determining which generative sub-process it belongs to. For the adversarial train…
Algorithmic music composition is a way of composing musical pieces with minimal to no human intervention. While recurrent neural networks are traditionally applied to many sequence-to-sequence prediction tasks, including successful implementations of music composition, their standard supervised learning approach based on input-to-output mapping leads to a lack of note variety. These models can therefore be seen as potentially unsuitable for tasks such as music generation. Generative adversarial networks learn the generative distribution of data and lead to varied samples. This work implements …
We investigate under and overfitting in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), using discriminators unseen by the generator to measure generalization. We find that the model capacity of the discriminator has a significant effect on the generator's model quality, and that the generator's poor performance coincides with the discriminator underfitting. Contrary to our expectations, we find that generators with large model capacities relative to the discriminator do not show evidence of overfitting on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and CelebA.
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have become predominant in image generation tasks. Their success is attributed to the training regime which employs two models: a generator G and discriminator D that compete in a minimax zero sum game. Nonetheless, GANs are difficult to train due to their sensitivity to hyperparameter and parameter initialisation, which often leads to vanishing gradients, non-convergence, or mode collapse, where the generator is unable to create samples with different variations. In this work, we propose a novel Generative Adversarial Stacked Convolutional Autoencoder(GA…
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a powerful framework for generative tasks. However, they are difficult to train and tend to miss modes of the true data generation process. Although GANs can learn a rich representation of the covered modes of the data in their latent space, the framework misses an inverse mapping from data to this latent space. We propose Invariant Encoding Generative Adversarial Networks (IVE-GANs), a novel GAN framework that introduces such a mapping for individual samples from the data by utilizing features in the data which are invariant to certain transformation…
Wrocław University of Science and Technology（弗罗茨瓦夫科技大学）；Tooploox Ltd.（图普洛克斯有限公司）
In traditional generative modeling, good data representation is very often a base for a good machine learning model. It can be linked to good representations encoding more explanatory factors that are hidden in the original data. With the invention of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a subclass of generative models that are able to learn representations in an unsupervised and semi-supervised fashion, we are now able to adversarially learn good mappings from a simple prior distribution to a target data distribution. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in GANs with a fo…
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences（库朗数学科学研究所）；Facebook AI Research（Facebook人工智能研究院）
The goal of this paper is not to introduce a single algorithm or method, but to make theoretical steps towards fully understanding the training dynamics of generative adversarial networks. In order to substantiate our theoretical analysis, we perform targeted experiments to verify our assumptions, illustrate our claims, and quantify the phenomena. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the problem at hand. The second section is dedicated to studying and proving rigorously the problems including instability and saturation that arize when training generative adve…
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are an expressive class of neural generative models with tremendous success in modeling high-dimensional continuous measures. In this paper, we present a scalable method for unbalanced optimal transport (OT) based on the generative-adversarial framework. We formulate unbalanced OT as a problem of simultaneously learning a transport map and a scaling factor that push a source measure to a target measure in a cost-optimal manner. In addition, we propose an algorithm for solving this problem based on stochastic alternating gradient updates, similar in practi…
This article proposes a method for mathematical modeling of human movements related to patient exercise episodes performed during physical therapy sessions by using artificial neural networks. The generative adversarial network structure is adopted, whereby a discriminative and a generative model are trained concurrently in an adversarial manner. Different network architectures are examined, with the discriminative and generative models structured as deep subnetworks of hidden layers comprised of convolutional or recurrent computational units. The models are validated on a data set of human mo…
Information Technology University (ITU)-Punjab（旁遮普信息技术大学）；University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学）
Deep learning has undoubtedly offered tremendous improvements in the performance of state-of-the-art speech emotion recognition (SER) systems. However, recent research on adversarial examples poses enormous challenges on the robustness of SER systems by showing the susceptibility of deep neural networks to adversarial examples as they rely only on small and imperceptible perturbations. In this study, we evaluate how adversarial examples can be used to attack SER systems and propose the first black-box adversarial attack on SER systems. We also explore potential defenses including adversarial t…
Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) is an adversarial model, and it has been demonstrated to be effective for various generative tasks. However, GAN and its variants also suffer from many training problems, such as mode collapse and gradient vanish. In this paper, we firstly propose a general crossover operator, which can be widely applied to GANs using evolutionary strategies. Then we design an evolutionary GAN framework C-GAN based on it. And we combine the crossover operator with evolutionary generative adversarial networks (EGAN) to implement the evolutionary generative adversarial netwo…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Canadian Institute for Advanced Research（加拿大高等研究院）
We propose Graphical Generative Adversarial Networks (Graphical-GAN) to model structured data. Graphical-GAN conjoins the power of Bayesian networks on compactly representing the dependency structures among random variables and that of generative adversarial networks on learning expressive dependency functions. We introduce a structured recognition model to infer the posterior distribution of latent variables given observations. We generalize the Expectation Propagation (EP) algorithm to learn the generative model and recognition model jointly. Finally, we present two important instances of Gr…
