浮标互联网：海上物联网实施
Internet of Buoys: An Internet of Things Implementation at Sea
摘要：
物联网（IoT）应用正在许多不同的领域出现，包括海洋环境。这一领域的应用之一是监测海上浮标。为了实现浮标的无线跟踪，在公海环境中准确预测路径损耗是必不可少的。到目前为止，海上信道测量主要是用放置在海面上几米的天线进行的，这比浮标本身高。因此，我们通过使用发射机天线高度为0.35 m和基站天线高度为2.65 m和5.2 m的LoRa链路进行路径损耗测量，研究了海上已发布信道模型的有效性。我们的研究结果表明，圆形地球损耗模型是不准确的，在这些天线高度。ITU-R P.2001-3模型和Bullington的模型与我们的测量结果有较好的一致性。然而，我们的两个测量活动之间的差异表明，需要更多的调查的路径损耗对海况的依赖。此外，还探索了Sigfox、窄带物联网（NB-IoT）和海上物联网的可用性。我们发现，NB-IoT和Sigfox可以在低天线高度的测试区域中用于物联网应用。
英文摘要：
Internet of Things (IoT) applications are emerging in many different areas, including maritime environments. One of the applications in this area is the monitoring of buoys at sea. To realize wireless tracking of buoys, an accurate prediction of the path loss in an open-sea environment is essential. So far, channel measurements at sea have mainly been conducted with antennas placed a couple of meters above the sea surface, which is higher than the buoys themselves. Therefore, we investigated the validity of the published channel models at sea by means of path loss measurements using a LoRa link with a transmitter antenna height of 0.35 m and a base station antenna height of 2.65 m and 5.2 m. Our results show that the round earth loss model is not accurate at these antenna heights. The ITU-R P.2001-3 model and a model by Bullington show a better agreement with our measurements. However, the difference between our two measurement campaigns shows that more investigation is needed on the dependence of the path loss on the sea state. Additionally, the availability of Sigfox, Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and The Things Network at sea has been explored. We found that NB-IoT and Sigfox can be used for IoT applications in the tested area at low antenna heights.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
