Submitted to PoS Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on High Energy physics - ICHEP2020 July 28 - August 6, 2020 Prague, Czech Republic (virtual meeting)
GRAND is a newly proposed series of radio arrays with a combined area of 200,000 square km, to be deployed in mountainous areas. Its primary goal is to measure cosmic ultra-high-energy tau-neutrinos (E>1 EeV), through the interaction of these neutrinos in rock and the decay of the tau-lepton in the atmosphere. This decay creates an air shower, whose properties can be inferred from the radio signal it creates. The huge area of GRAND makes it the most sensitive instrument proposed to date, ensured to measure neutrinos in all reasonable models of cosmic ray production and propagation. At the same time, GRAND will be a very versatile observatory with enormous exposure to ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and photons. This talk covers the scientific motivation, as well as the staged approach required in the R\&D stages to get to a final design that will make the construction, deployment and operation of this vast detector affordable.
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) aims at detecting ultra-high energy extraterrestrial neutrinos via the extensive air showers induced by the decay of tau leptons created in the interaction of neutrinos under the Earth's surface. Consisting of an array of $\sim10^5$ radio antennas deployed over $\sim 2\times10^5\,\rm {km}^2$, GRAND plans to reach, for the first time, an all-flavor sensitivity of $\sim1.5\times10^{-10} \,\rm GeV\, cm^{-2} \,s^{-1}\, sr^{-1}$ above $5\times10^{17}$ eV and a sub-degree angular resolution, beyond the reach of other planned detectors. We describe…
The GRAND project aims to detect ultra-high-energy neutrinos, cosmic rays and gamma rays, with an array of $200,000$ radio antennas over $200,000\,{\rm km}^2$, split into $\sim 20$ sub-arrays of $\sim 10,000\,{\rm km}^2$ deployed worldwide. The strategy of GRAND is to detect air showers above $10^{17}\,$eV that are induced by the interaction of ultra-high-energy particles in the atmosphere or in the Earth crust, through its associated coherent radio-emission in the $50-200\,$MHz range. In its final configuration, GRAND plans to reach a neutrino-sensitivity of $\sim 10^{-10}\,{\rm GeV}\,{\rm cm…
The Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a proposal for a giant observatory of ultra-high energy cosmic particles (neutrinos, cosmic rays and gamma rays). It will be composed of twenty subarrays of 10 000 antennas each, totaling a detection area of 200 000 km$^2$. GRAND will reach unprecedented sensitivity to neutrinos allowing to detect cosmogenic neutrinos while its sub-degree angular resolution will also make it possible to hunt for point sources and possibly start neutrino astronomy. Combined with its gigantic exposure to ultra-high energy cosmic rays and gamma rays, GRAND will be…
The GRANDProto300 (GP300) experiment is the first stage of the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project. It will be deployed between 2020 and 2021 in a radio-quiet area, at $3000\,$m of altitude at the rim of the Tibetan plateau, over a total surface of $200\,$km$^2$. The primary goal of GP300 is to demonstrate the viability of the GRAND detection concepts. It will provide a unique test bench to develop and validate new identification and reconstruction techniques for the radio detection of very inclined air-showers, in the perspective of the next stages of GRAND. GP300 also pr…
GRANDlib: A simulation pipeline for the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND)
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS UMR 7095, Sorbonne Université（巴黎天体物理研究所，法国国家科学研究中心联合研究实验室7095，索邦大学）；Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List（巴黎萨克雷大学，法国原子能和替代能源委员会，列表）；Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud Universiteit（数学、天体物理学和粒子物理研究所，拉德堡德大学）；Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics（尼霍夫，荷兰亚原子物理国家研究所）；Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院物理研究所）；Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（尼尔斯·玻尔国际学院，尼尔斯·玻尔研究所，哥本哈根大学）；Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw（华沙大学物理学院）；Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（暗物质与空间天文重点实验室，中国科学院紫金山天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) Collaboration -- Contributions to the 10th International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities (ARENA 2024)
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a planned array of ~200 000 radio antennas deployed over ~200 000 km2 in a mountainous site. It aims primarly at detecting high-energy neutrinos via the observation of extensive air showers induced by the decay in the atmosphere of taus produced by the interaction of cosmic neutrinos under the Earth surface. GRAND aims at reaching a neutrino sensitivity of 5.10$^{11}$ E$^{-2}$ GeV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$sr$^{-1}$ above 3.10$^{16}$ eV. This ensures the detection of cosmogenic neutrinos in the most pessimistic source models, and ~50 events …
We present a pioneering estimate of the global yearly greenhouse gas emissions of a large-scale Astrophysics experiment over several decades: the Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND). The project aims at detecting ultra-high energy neutrinos with a 200,000 radio antenna array over 200,000\,km$^2$ as of the 2030s. With a fully transparent methodology based on open source data, we calculate the emissions related to three unavoidable sources: travel, digital technologies and hardware equipment. We find that these emission sources have a different impact depending on the stages of the experi…
The Tunka-Grande experiment is a scintillation array with about 0.5 sq.km sensitive area at Tunka Valley, Siberia, for measuring charged particles and muons in extensive air showers (EASs). Tunka-Grande is optimized for cosmic ray studies in the energy range 10 PeV to about 1 EeV, where exploring the composition is of fundamental importance for understanding the transition from galactic to extragalactic origin of cosmic rays. This paper attempts to provide a synopsis of the current results of the experiment. In particular, the reconstruction of the all-particle energy spectrum in the range of …
This paper presents the optical design of a multi-spectral piston sensor suitable to co-phasing giant segmented mirrors equipping the Future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). The general theory of the sensor is described in detail and numerical simulations have been carried out, demonstrating that direct piston and tip-tilt measurements are feasible within accuracies respectively close to 20 nm and 10 nano-radians. Those values are compatible with the co-phasing requirements, although the method seems to be perturbed by uncorrected atmospheric seeing
With 30 antennas and a maximum baseline length of 25 km, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is the premier low-frequency radio interferometer today. We have carried out a study of possible expansions of the GMRT, via adding new antennas and installing focal plane arrays (FPAs), to improve its point-source sensitivity, surface brightness sensitivity, angular resolution, field of view, and U-V coverage. We have carried out array configuration studies, aimed at minimizing the number of new GMRT antennas required to obtain a well-behaved synthesized beam over a wide range of angular resolu…
Deep-Learning Denoising of Radio Signals for Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Detection
San Francisco State University（旧金山州立大学）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；Instituto de Física La Plata - CCT La Plata - CONICET-UNLP（拉普拉塔物理研究所 - 拉普拉塔中心 - 阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-拉普拉塔国立大学）；Universidad Nacional de La Plata（拉普拉塔国立大学）
This article presents the first results of the combined measurements of Tunka-Rex and Tunka-Grande as well as studies of the antenna alignment effect and an overview of the recent Tunka-Rex results.
TREND50 is a radio detection setup of 50 self-triggered antennas working in the 50-100MHz frequency range and deployed in a radio-quiet valley of the Tianshan mountains (China). TREND50 achieved its goal: the autonomous radiodetection and identification of air showers. Thanks to a dedicated offine selection algorithm, 564 air shower candidates were indeed selected out of $7\cdot10^8$ transient radio signals recorded during the 314 live days of data taken during the first two years of operation of this setup (2011 and 2012). This event rate, as well as the distribution of the candidate directio…
The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an antenna array consisting of 63 antennas at the location of the TAIGA facility (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) in Eastern Siberia, nearby Lake Baikal. Tunka-Rex is triggered by the air-Cherenkov array Tunka-133 during clear and moonless winter nights and by the scintillator array Tunka-Grande during the remaining time. Tunka-Rex measures the radio emission from the same air-showers as Tunka-133 and Tunka-Grande, but with a higher threshold of about 100 PeV. During the first stages of its operation, Tunka-Rex has …
Hybrid radio and particle detection of air showers: potential for ultra-high-energy photon identification
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS UMR 7095, Sorbonne Université（巴黎天体物理研究所，CNRS UMR 7095，索邦大学）；ILANCE, CNRS – University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory（ILANCE，CNRS-东京大学国际研究实验室）；Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo（宇宙线研究所，东京大学）
Digital radio arrays have become an effective tool to measure air showers at energies around and above 100 PeV. Compared to optical techniques, the radio technique is not restricted to clear nights. Thanks to recent progress on computational analysis techniques, radio arrays can provide an equally accurate measurement of the energy and the depth of the shower maximum. Stand-alone radio arrays offer an economic way towards huge apertures, e.g., for the search for ultra-high-energy neutrinos, but still require technical demonstration on large scales. Hybrid arrays combining radio antennas and pa…
We present the fifth incarnation of the Mid-Infrared Array Camera (MIRAC-5) instrument which will use a new GeoSnap (3 - 13 microns) detector. Advances in adaptive optics (AO) systems and detectors are enabling ground-based mid-infrared systems capable of high spatial resolution and deep contrast. As one of the only 3 - 13 micron cameras used in tandem with AO, MIRAC-5 will be complementary to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and capable of characterizing gas giant exoplanets and imaging forming protoplanets (helping to characterize their circumplanetary disks). We describe key features o…
