There are currently many barriers that prevent non-experts from exploiting machine learning solutions ranging from the lack of intuition on statistical learning techniques to the trickiness of hyperparameter tuning. Such barriers have led to an explosion of interest in automated machine learning (AutoML), whereby an off-the-shelf system can take care of many of the steps for end-users without the need for expertise in machine learning. This paper presents Ensemble Squared (Ensemble$^2$), an AutoML system that ensembles the results of state-of-the-art open-source AutoML systems. Ensemble$^2$ exploits the diversity of existing AutoML systems by leveraging the differences in their model search space and heuristics. Empirically, we show that diversity of each AutoML system is sufficient to justify ensembling at the AutoML system level. In demonstrating this, we also establish new state-of-the-art AutoML results on the OpenML tabular classification benchmark.
Concordia University（康考迪亚大学）；IBM Research AI（IBM研究院人工智能部门）
AutoML systems build machine learning models automatically by performing a search over valid data transformations and learners, along with hyper-parameter optimization for each learner. Many AutoML systems use meta-learning to guide search for optimal pipelines. In this work, we present a novel meta-learning system called KGpip which, (1) builds a database of datasets and corresponding pipelines by mining thousands of scripts with program analysis, (2) uses dataset embeddings to find similar datasets in the database based on its content instead of metadata-based features, (3) models AutoML pip…
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg（阿尔伯特-路德维希-弗莱堡大学）；Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence（博世人工智能中心）；Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）
Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) supports practitioners and researchers with the tedious task of designing machine learning pipelines and has recently achieved substantial success. In this paper, we introduce new AutoML approaches motivated by our winning submission to the second ChaLearn AutoML challenge. We develop PoSH Auto-sklearn, which enables AutoML systems to work well on large datasets under rigid time limits by using a new, simple and meta-feature-free meta-learning technique and by employing a successful bandit strategy for budget allocation. However, PoSH Auto-sklearn introduces…
University of Freiburg（弗赖堡大学）；University of Hildesheim（希尔德斯海姆大学）；Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence（博世人工智能中心）
Given a new dataset D and a low compute budget, how should we choose a pre-trained model to fine-tune to D, and set the fine-tuning hyperparameters without risking overfitting, particularly if D is small? Here, we extend automated machine learning (AutoML) to best make these choices. Our domain-independent meta-learning approach learns a zero-shot surrogate model which, at test time, allows to select the right deep learning (DL) pipeline (including the pre-trained model and fine-tuning hyperparameters) for a new dataset D given only trivial meta-features describing D such as image resolution o…
Explaining AutoClustering: Uncovering Meta-Feature Contribution in AutoML for Clustering
Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Geosciences（数学、计算机科学与地质科学系）；University of Trieste（特里este大学）；Division of Computer Science（计算机科学 division）；Aeronautics Institute of Technology（航空技术研究所）
University of Torontoland（多伦多兰大学）；University of Edenborrow（伊登伯勒大学）
Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) is the problem of automatically finding the pipeline with the best generalization performance on some given dataset. AutoML has received enormous attention in the last decade and has been addressed with sophisticated black-box optimization techniques such as Bayesian Optimization, Grammar-Based Genetic Algorithms, and tree search algorithms. In contrast to those approaches, we present Naive AutoML, a very simple solution to AutoML that exploits important meta-knowledge about machine learning problems and makes simplifying, yet, effective assumptions to quick…
This work improves the quality of automated machine learning (AutoML) systems by using dataset and function descriptions while significantly decreasing computation time from minutes to milliseconds by using a zero-shot approach. Given a new dataset and a well-defined machine learning task, humans begin by reading a description of the dataset and documentation for the algorithms to be used. This work is the first to use these textual descriptions, which we call privileged information, for AutoML. We use a pre-trained Transformer model to process the privileged text and demonstrate that using th…
AutoML for Multi-Class Anomaly Compensation of Sensor Drift
Institute for Information Processing (tnt), Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学信息处理研究所（tnt））；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California（南加州大学电气与计算机工程系）；Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学人工智能研究所）
LMU Munich（慕尼黑大学）；Universidad de La Sabana（拉萨巴纳大学）；Paderborn University（帕德博恩大学）
The notion of bounded rationality originated from the insight that perfectly rational behavior cannot be realized by agents with limited cognitive or computational resources. Research on bounded rationality, mainly initiated by Herbert Simon, has a longstanding tradition in economics and the social sciences, but also plays a major role in modern AI and intelligent agent design. Taking actions under bounded resources requires an agent to reflect on how to use these resources in an optimal way - hence, to reason and make decisions on a meta-level. In this paper, we will look at automated machine…
Contextual Bandits is one of the widely popular techniques used in applications such as personalization, recommendation systems, mobile health, causal marketing etc . As a dynamic approach, it can be more efficient than standard A/B testing in minimizing regret. We propose an end to end automated meta-learning pipeline to approximate the optimal Q function for contextual bandits problems. We see that our model is able to perform much better than random exploration, being more regret efficient and able to converge with a limited number of samples, while remaining very general and easy to use du…
Automated machine learning techniques benefited from tremendous research progress in recently. These developments and the continuous-growing demand for machine learning experts led to the development of numerous AutoML tools. However, these tools assume that the entire training dataset is available upfront and that the underlying distribution does not change over time. These assumptions do not hold in a data stream mining setting where an unbounded stream of data cannot be stored and is likely to manifest concept drift. Industry applications of machine learning on streaming data become more po…
The automated machine learning (AutoML) process can require searching through complex configuration spaces of not only machine learning (ML) components and their hyperparameters but also ways of composing them together, i.e. forming ML pipelines. Optimisation efficiency and the model accuracy attainable for a fixed time budget suffer if this pipeline configuration space is excessively large. A key research question is whether it is both possible and practical to preemptively avoid costly evaluations of poorly performing ML pipelines by leveraging their historical performance for various ML tas…
USU Software AG（USU软件公司）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；University of Stuttgart（斯图加特大学）；Fraunhofer IPA（弗劳恩霍夫生产技术与自动化研究所）
Automated machine learning (AutoML) aims for constructing machine learning (ML) pipelines automatically. Many studies have investigated efficient methods for algorithm selection and hyperparameter optimization. However, methods for ML pipeline synthesis and optimization considering the impact of complex pipeline structures containing multiple preprocessing and classification algorithms have not been studied thoroughly. In this paper, we propose a data-centric approach based on meta-features for pipeline construction and hyperparameter optimization inspired by human behavior. By expanding the p…
Northeastern University（东北大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data（深圳大数据研究院）
To prevent the leakage of private information while enabling automated machine intelligence, there is an emerging trend to integrate federated learning and Neural Architecture Search (NAS). Although promising as it may seem, the coupling of difficulties from both two tenets makes the algorithm development quite challenging. In particular, how to efficiently search the optimal neural architecture directly from massive non-iid data of clients in a federated manner remains to be a hard nut to crack. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, by leveraging the advances in proxy-less NAS, we propose …
We introduce AlphaD3M, an automatic machine learning (AutoML) system based on meta reinforcement learning using sequence models with self play. AlphaD3M is based on edit operations performed over machine learning pipeline primitives providing explainability. We compare AlphaD3M with state-of-the-art AutoML systems: Autosklearn, Autostacker, and TPOT, on OpenML datasets. AlphaD3M achieves competitive performance while being an order of magnitude faster, reducing computation time from hours to minutes, and is explainable by design.
Aimsun SLU（Aimsun SLU公司）；DeustoTech（德乌斯托技术中心）；Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto（德乌斯托大学工程学院）；University of Deusto（德乌斯托大学）；IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science（巴斯克科学基金会IKERBASQUE）；University of Granada（格拉纳达大学）
Intelligent Transportation Systems are producing tons of hardly manageable traffic data, which motivates the use of Machine Learning (ML) for data-driven applications, such as Traffic Forecasting (TF). TF is gaining relevance due to its ability to mitigate traffic congestion by forecasting future traffic states. However, TF poses one big challenge to the ML paradigm, known as the Model Selection Problem (MSP): deciding the most suitable combination of data preprocessing techniques and ML method for traffic data collected under different transportation circumstances. In this context, Automated …
This paper presents an experimental comparison among four Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) methods for recommending the best classification algorithm for a given input dataset. Three of these methods are based on Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), and the other is Auto-WEKA, a well-known AutoML method based on the Combined Algorithm Selection and Hyper-parameter optimisation (CASH) approach. The EA-based methods build classification algorithms from a single machine learning paradigm: either decision-tree induction, rule induction, or Bayesian network classification. Auto-WEKA combines algorithm…
Towards Evolutionary-based Automated Machine Learning for Small Molecule Pharmacokinetic Prediction
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute（贝克心脏与糖尿病研究所）；School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学化学与分子生物科学学院）；The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）
To solve a machine learning problem, one typically needs to perform data preprocessing, modeling, and hyperparameter tuning, which is known as model selection and hyperparameter optimization.The goal of automated machine learning (AutoML) is to design methods that can automatically perform model selection and hyperparameter optimization without human interventions for a given dataset. In this paper, we propose a meta-learning method that can search for a high-performance machine learning pipeline from the predefined set of candidate pipelines for supervised classification datasets in an effici…
