先进低温气体塞中空间电荷效应的粒子池技术研究
Particle-in-Cell Techniques for the Study of Space Charge Effects in the Advanced Cryogenic Gas Stopper
摘要：
线性气体塞广泛用于将高能、稀有同位素束流和反应产物转换为具有小横向发射度和能量扩展的低能束流。高能离子的停止是通过与缓冲气体（通常为氦气）相互作用来实现的，从而产生大量He $^+$ /e $^-$对。先进的低温气体停止器（ACGS）设计用于快速，有效地停止和提取高强度，稀有同位素束。作为设计过程的一部分，开发了一个全面的粒子单元代码，以优化在空间电荷存在下从ACGS中传输和提取稀有同位素，包括He $^+$ /e $^-$动力学、缓冲气体相互作用（包括气流）、RF地毯和通过喷嘴或孔的离子提取。详细的模拟一起比较实验时可用。
英文摘要：
Linear gas stoppers are widely used to convert high-energy, rare-isotope beams and reaction products into low-energy beams with small transverse emittance and energy spread. Stopping of the high-energy ions is achieved through interaction with a buffer gas, typically helium, generating large quantities of He$^+$/e$^-$ pairs. The Advanced Cryogenic Gas Stopper (ACGS) was designed for fast, efficient stopping and extraction of high-intensity, rare-isotope beams. As part of the design process, a comprehensive particle-in-cell code was developed to optimize the transport and extraction of rare isotopes from the ACGS in the presence of space charge, including He$^+$/e$^-$ dynamics, buffer gas interactions including gas flow, RF carpets, and ion extraction through a nozzle or orifice. Details of the simulations are presented together with comparison to experiment when available.
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