城市适应动物对人类活动突然激增的反应
Response to sudden surge in human movement by an urban-adapted animal
摘要：
与其直接环境的相互作用决定了有机体的生态。存在于任何栖息地的物种，无论是野生的还是城市的，都可能因突然的扰动而面临极端的压力。当这种干扰是不可预测的，它变得更具挑战性的解决。因此，实施具体的战略对于不同物种克服不利情况至关重要。许多生物和非生物因子可以改变一个物种的动态。人为干扰就是这样一个因素，它具有相当大的影响，也有可能影响生活在人类生境附近的物种。我们调查了一个城市适应物种的反应，突然激增的人的脚步声或过度拥挤。在发展中国家的街道上自由生活的狗（狼〈动物〉动物>）经历着巨大的人为压力。据了解，人类在一个地区的运动可以通过在很大程度上影响他们的个性来预测这些狗的行为。在目前的研究中，我们观察到高和突然的人类脚步对狗的丰度和行为活动的强烈影响。随着人类活动的增加，狗的数量和行为活动都有所减少。在有限的时间尺度上进一步调查发现恢复的行为活动，但不恢复人口丰度。这为人类在城市环境中影响自由放养犬行为的程度提供了重要证据。
英文摘要：
Interaction with its immediate environment determines the ecology of an organism. Species present in any habitat, wild or urban, may face extreme pressure due to sudden perturbations. When such disturbances are unpredictable, it becomes more challenging to tackle. Implementation of specific strategies is therefore essential for different species to overcome adverse situations. Numerous biotic and abiotic factors can alter the dynamics of a species. Anthropogenic disturbance is one such factor that has considerable implications and also the potential to impact species living in the proximity of human habitats. We investigated the response of an urban adapted species to a sudden surge in human footfall or overcrowding. Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) living freely in the streets of developing countries experience tremendous anthropogenic pressure. It is known that human movement in an area can predict the behaviour of these dogs by largely influencing their personalities. In the current study, we observed a strong effect of high and sudden human footfall on the abundance and behavioural activity of dogs. A decline in both the abundance of dogs and behavioural activities was seen with the increase in human movement. Further investigation over a restricted temporal scale revealed reinstated behavioural activity but non-restoration of population abundance. This provides important evidence on the extent to which humans influence the behaviour of free-ranging dogs in urban environments.
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