场助双折射Delbrück散射的可观测性
On the observability of field-assisted birefringent Delbrück scattering
摘要：
本文研究了X射线自由电子激光（XFEL）束在强磁场$\bf{B}_{\rm ext}$和电荷数为$Z$的核的库仑场$\bf{E}_{\rm ext}$的叠加场上的散射。与纯德尔布吕克散射（仅库仑场）相比，磁场$\bf{B}_{\rm ext}$引入不对称性（即，极化依赖性）并使有效相互作用体积相当大，而核库仑场促进显著的动量转移$Δ\bf k$。当场强为$B_{\rm ext}=10^6~\rm T$（对应于$10^{22}~\rm W/cm^2$量级的强度），XFEL频率为24 keV时，我们发现了一个核的正向微分截面$dσ/dΩ\sim10^{-25}~Z^2/(Δ{\bf k})^2$.因此，在不久的将来，在欧洲XFEL的亥姆霍兹国际极端场光束线（HIBEF）等设施中可能会观察到这种效应。
英文摘要：
We consider the scattering of an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) beam on the superposition of a strong magnetic field $\bf{B}_{\rm ext}$ with the Coulomb field $\bf{E}_{\rm ext}$ of a nucleus with charge number $Z$. In contrast to pure Delbrück scattering (Coulomb field only), the magnetic field $\bf{B}_{\rm ext}$ introduces an asymmetry (i.e., polarization dependence) and renders the effective interaction volume quite large, while the nuclear Coulomb field facilitates a significant momentum transfer $Δ\bf k$. For a field strength of $B_{\rm ext}=10^6~\rm T$ (corresponding to an intensity of order $10^{22}~\rm W/cm^2$) and an XFEL frequency of 24 keV, we find a differential cross section $dσ/dΩ\sim10^{-25}~Z^2/(Δ{\bf k})^2$ in forward direction for one nucleus. Thus, this effect might be observable in the near future at facilities such as the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) at the European XFEL.
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