Ivan Pan
Let K be an algebraically closed field. We prove that a polynomial K-derivation $D$ in two variables is locally nilpotent if and only if the subgroup of polynomial K-automorphisms which commute with D admits elements whose degree is arbitrary big.
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We study a monomial derivation $d$ proposed by J. Moulin Ollagnier and A. Nowicki in the polynomial ring of four variables, and prove that $d$ has no Darboux polynomials if and only if $d$ has a trivial field of constants.
In this paper we investigate to what extent the results of Z. Wang and D. Daigle on nice derivations of the polynomial ring in three variables over a field k of characteristic zero extend to the polynomial ring over a PID R, containing the field of rational numbers. One of our results shows that the kernel of a nice derivation on the polynomial ring in four variables over k of rank at most three is a polynomial ring over k.
Images of locally finite $\mathcal{E}$-derivations of bivariate polynomial algebras
本文证明特征零域上二元多项式代数的局部有限 $\mathcal{E}$-导子的像是 Mathieu-Zhao 子空间，从而与已有结果共同证实了 LFED 猜想。
In this article we study the field of rational constants and Darboux polynomials of a generalized cyclotomic $K$-derivation $d$ of $K[X]$. It is shown that $d$ is without Darboux polynomials if and only if $K(X)^d=K$. Result is also studied in the tensor product of polynomial algebras.
We consider the subgroup Aut(D) consisting of automorphisms of K[x,y] commuting with a derivation D, where K is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We prove that if D is simple (i.e. D does not stabilize non-trivial ideals), then Aut(D)=1, in the case where D is of Shamsuddin type this result was proven by R.Baltazar in 2014 (arXiv:1412.8373). Moreover, we describe Aut(D) for Shamsuddin type derivations and deduce that Aut(D)=1 for a general such derivation implies D is simple.
On the tame isotropy group of a derivation
本文研究了多项式环导出的温和同源群，探讨了不同类型的导出在不同变量情况下的性质和结构。
The Weitzenboeck theorem states that the algebra of constants of a linear locally nilpotent derivation of the polynomial algebra K[Z]=K[z_1,...,z_m] in m variables over a field K of characteristic 0 is finitely generated. If m=2n and the Jordan normal form of the derivation consists of Jordan cells of size 2 only, we may assume that K[Z]=K[X,Y] and the derivation sends y_i to x_i and x_i to 0, i=1,...,n. Nowicki conjectured that the algebra of constants of this derivation is generated by x_1,...,x_n and x_iy_j-x_jy_i, i<j. Recently this conjecture was confirmed in the Ph.D. thesis of Khoury, a…
Let $k$ be an arbitrary field of characteristic zero, $k[x, y]$ be the polynomial ring and $D$ a $k$-derivation of the ring $k[x, y]$. Recall that a nonconstant polynomial $F\in k[x, y]$ is said to be a Darboux polynomial of the derivation $D$ if $D(F)=λF$ for some polynomial $λ\in k[x, y]$. We prove that any two linearly independent over the field $k$ commuting $k$-derivations $D_{1}$ and $D_{2}$ of the ring $k[x, y]$ either have a common Darboux polynomial, or $D_{1}=D_{u_{1}}, D_{2}=D_{u_{2}}$ are Jacobian derivations i.e., $D_{i}(f)=\det J(u_{i}, f)$ for every $f\in k[x, y], i=1, 2,$ where…
On locally nilpotent derivations of polynomial algebra in three variables
本文研究特征零域上三元多项式代数的局部幂零导子，通过迭代构造刻画秩2导子并扩展Freudenburg的秩3例子族，进而利用交换导子集合给出按秩刻画的方法。
In this paper, we study higher derivations of Jacobian type in positive characteristic. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for $(n-1)$-tuples of polynomials to be extendable in the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over an integral domain $R$ of positive characteristic. In particular, we give characterizations of variables and univariate polynomials by using the terms of higher derivations of Jacobian type in the polynomial ring in two variables over a field of positive characteristic.
The multidimensional chain rule formula for analytic functions and its generalisation to higher derivatives perfectly work in the algebraic setting in characteristic zero. In positive characteristic one runs into problems due to denominators in these formulas. In this article we show a direct analog of these formulas using higher derivations which are defined in any characteristic. We also use these formulas to show how higher derivations to different coordinate systems are related to each other. Finally, we apply this to polynomial automorphisms in arbitrary characteristic and obtain a formul…
In this paper we follow the general approach, proposed earlier by the first author, which is derived from the invariant theory field and provides a way of obtaining of the polynomial identities for any arbitrary polynomial family. We introduce the notion of Chebyshev derivations of the first and second kinds, which is based on the polynomial algebra, and corresponding specific differential operators. We derive the elements of their kernels and prove that any element of the kernel of the derivations defines a polynomial identity satisfied by the Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kin…
Higher Jacobian matrix of weighted homogeneous polynomials and derivation algebras
本文证明加权齐次多项式高阶 Jacobian 矩阵极大子式所生成的理想仍为加权齐次，并据此部分回应高阶 Nash 爆破局部代数上不存在负权导子的猜想。
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic zero and $x$ a free variable. A $K$-$\mathcal E$-derivation of $K[x]$ is a $K$-linear map of the form $\operatorname{I}-ϕ$ for some $K$-algebra endomorphism $ϕ$ of $K[x]$, where $\operatorname{I}$ denotes the identity map of $K[x]$. In this paper we study the image of an ideal of $K[x]$ under some $K$-derivations and $K$-$\mathcal E$-derivations of $K[x]$. We show that the LFED conjecture proposed in [Z4] holds for all $K$-$\mathcal E$-derivations and all locally finite $K$-derivations of $K[x]$. We also show that the LNED conjecture proposed in [Z4] holds …
We prove that an irreducible polynomial derivation in positive characteristic is a Jacobian derivation if and only if there exists an n-1-element p-basis of its ring of constants. In the case of two variables we characterize these derivations in terms of their divergence and some nontrivial constants.
In this paper we explicitly compute the derivation module of quotients of polynomial rings by ideals formed by the sum or by some other gluing technique. We discuss cases of monomial ideals and binomial ideals separately.
In this paper we show that the image of any locally finite $k$-derivation of the polynomial algebra $k[x, y]$ in two variables over a field $k$ of characteristic zero is a Mathieu subspace. We also show that the two-dimensional Jacobian conjecture is equivalent to the statement that the image $Im D$ of every $k$-derivation $D$ of $k[x, y]$ such that $1\in Im D$ and $div D=0$ is a Mathieu subspace of $k[x, y]$.
Let $k[X]=k[x_0,...,x_{n-1}]$ and $k[Y]=k[y_0,...,y_{n-1}]$ be the polynomial rings in $n\geqslant 3$ variables over a field $k$ of characteristic zero containing the $n$-th roots of unity. Let $d$ be the cyclotomic derivation of $k[X]$, and let $Δ$ be the factorisable derivation of $k[Y]$ associated with $d$, that is, $d(x_j)=x_{j+1}$ and $Δ(y_j)=y_j(y_{j+1}-y_j)$ for all $j\in\mathbb Z_n$. We describe polynomial constants and rational constants of these derivations. We prove, among others, that the field of constants of $d$ is a field of rational functions over $k$ in $n-\f(n)$ variables, an…
On the Isotropy Groups of Locally Finite Derivations of Laurent Polynomial Algebras
该研究针对特征零域上的Laurent多项式代数，明确确定了与局部有限导子可交换的自同构，给出二维参数化并关联代数环面的对角流对称性。
Let $Q\in \K[x_1,...,x_n] = S$ be a homogeneous polynomial of degree $d$. The freeness of the logarithmic derivation module, $D(Q)$, and of its natural generalizations, has been widely studied. In the free case, $D(Q) \simeq \bigoplus_{i=1}^n S(-d_i)$ where the $d_i$'s are the exponents of the module; and as a direct consequence of the Saito-Ziegler criterion, the formula $d = \sum_i d_i$ holds. In this paper we give a generalization of this formula in the non-free case. Moreover, we show that an equivalent formula is also true in the quasi-homogeneous case, and show to what extent it can be g…
A Class of simple derivations of polynomial ring $k[x_1,x_2, \ldots ,x_n]$
该文研究特征零域上多元多项式环的导子性质，构造了一类特定形式的导子，证明其为简单导子且像不含单位元，推广了已有结果，并刻画了其迷向群的结构。
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, D a locally nilpotent derivation on the polynomial ring k[X_1, X_2,X_3,X_4] and A the kernel of D. A question of M. Miyanishi asks whether projective modules over A are necessarily free. Implicit is a subquestion: whether the Grothendieck group K_0(A) is trivial. In this paper we shall demonstrate an explicit k[X_1]-linear fixed point free locally nilpotent derivation D of k[X_1,X_2, X_3, X_4] whose kernel A has an isolated singularity and whose Grothendieck group K_0(A) is not finitely generated; in particular, there exists an inf…
We describe the set of all locally nilpotent derivations of the quotient ring $\mathbb{K}[X,Y,Z]/(f(X)Y - φ(X,Z))$ constructed from the defining equation $f(X)Y = φ(X,Z)$ of a generalized Danielewski surface in $\mathbb K^3$ for a specific choice of polynomials $f$ and $φ$, with $\mathbb K$ an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. As a consequence of this description we calculate the $ML$-invariant and the Derksen invariant of this ring. We also determine a set of generators for the group of $\mathbb K$-automorphisms of $\mathbb K[X,Y,Z]/(f(X)Y - φ(Z))$ also for a specific choice …
Let $R$ be an integral domain of characteristic zero, $x=(x_1, x_2, ..., x_n)$ $n$ commutative free variables, and ${\mathcal A}_n:=R[x^{-1}, x]$, i.e., the Laurent polynomial algebra in $x$ over $R$. In this paper we first classify all locally finite or locally nilpotent $R$-derivations and $R$-$\mathcal E$-derivations of ${\mathcal A}_n$, where by an $R$-$\mathcal E$-derivation of ${\mathcal A}_n$ we mean an $R$-linear map of the form $\operatorname{Id}_{{\mathcal A}_n}-ϕ$ for some $R$-algebra endomorphism $ϕ$ of ${\mathcal A}_n$. In particular, we show that ${\mathcal A}_n$ has no nonzero l…
On image ideals of nice and quasi-nice derivations over a UFD
本文研究了UFD上nice和quasi-nice导出在多项式环中的图像理想生成问题。
We reduce the Nowicki conjecture on the Weitzenböck derivation of polynomial algebras to well-known problem of the classical invariant theory.
On isotropy group of locally finite derivations on $\mathbb{K}[X,Y]$
本文研究了多项式环$\mathbb{K}[X,Y]$上局部有限导出的等价群，利用Van den Essen的分类结果，证明局部nilpotent情况下等价群与指数自同构群相同，而在半单部分非trivial时可能不同，且非零局部有限导出均有非trivial等价群。
Let K be a field of characteristic zero. We prove that images of a linear K-derivation and a linear K-E-derivation of the ring K[x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ] of polynomial in three variables over K are Mathieu-Zhao subspaces, which affirms the LFED conjecture for linear K-derivations and linear K-E-derivations of K[x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ].
Let $R=K[X_1,\dots, X_n]$ be a polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$ of charactersitic zero and $d$ a $K$-derivation of $R$. Consider the isotropy group if $d$: $ \text{Aut}(R)_d :=\{ρ\in \text{Aut}_K(R)|\; ρd ρ^{-1}=d\}$. In his doctoral thesis, Baltazar proved that if $d$ is a simple Shamsuddin derivation of $K[X_1,X_2]$, then its isotropy group is trivial. He also gave an example of a non-simple derivation whose isotropy group is infinite. Recently, Mendes and Pan generalized this result to an arbitrary derivation of $K[X_1,X_2]$ proving that a derivation of $K[X_1,X_2]$ is simp…
On polynomial automorphisms commuting with a simple derivation
针对特征零代数闭域上多项式环的单导子$D$，研究其交换自同构子群$\text{Aut}(D)$的结构，证明含单位元的连通分支是维数至多为$n-2$的幂幺代数群且上界紧，给出$\text{Aut}(D)$为代数群的充要条件，并分析$n=3$和$n=4$的具体情况。
Towards combinatorial derivations of K-polynomials for determinantal varieties
本文针对行列式簇的K多项式组合推导问题，提出对秩不超过k的复矩阵簇希尔伯特级数相关公式给出直接组合证明的目标，在k=1或k=min{m,n}-1时通过Littlewood–Richardson表征集上的显式符号反转对合完成了证明。
Let k be an algebraically closed field of zero characteristic. The Lie algebra W_2 of all k-derivations of the polynomial ring k[x, y] naturally acts on the polynomial ring k[x, y] and also on the field of rational functions k(x, y). For a fixed non-constant rational function u from k(x,y) we consider the set A_{W_2}(u) of all derivations D from W_2 such that D(u)=0. We prove that A_{W_2}(u) is a free submodule of rank 1 of the k[x,y]-module W_2. A description of the maximal abelian subalgebras as well of the centralizers of elements in the Lie algebra A_{W_2}(u) has been obtained.
Let $A$ be the polynomial ring over $k$ (a field of characteristic zero) in $n+1$ variables. The commuting derivations conjecture states that $n$ commuting locally nilpotent derivations on $A$, linearly independent over $A$, must satisfy $A^{D_1,...,D_m}=k[f]$ where $f$ is a coordinate. The conjecture can be formulated as stating that a $(G_m)^n$-action on $k^{n+1}$ must have invariant ring $k[f]$ where $f$ is a coordinate. In this paper we prove a statement (theorem \ref{CDH2}) where we assume less on $A$ ($A$ is a {\sc UFD} over $k$ of transcendence degree $n+1$ satisfying $A^*=k$) and prove…
By the classical theorem of Weitzenboeck the algebra of constants (i.e., the kernel) of a nonzero locally nilpotent linear derivation of the polynomial algebra K[X] in d variables over a field K of characteristic 0 is finitely generated. As a noncommutative generalization one considers the algebra of constants of a locally nilpotent linear derivation of a d-generated relatively free algebra F(V) in a variety V of unitary associative algebras over K. It is known that the algebra of constants of F(V) is finitely generated if and only if V satisfies a polynomial identity which does not hold for t…
We prove Freudenburg's Freeness Conjecture: Let B be the polynomial ring in three variables over a field of characteristic zero, let D : B --> B be a nonzero locally nilpotent derivation, and let A = ker(D). Then B is a free A-module, and there exists a basis $(e_i)_{i \in \mathbb{N}}$ of B such that deg$_D(e_i) = i$ for all $i \in \mathbb{N}$.
In this sequence of work we investigate polynomial equations of additive functions. We consider the solutions of equation \[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}f_{i}(x^{p_{i}})g_{i}(x)^{q_{i}}= 0 \qquad \left(x\in \mathbb{F}\right), \] where $n$ is a positive integer, $\mathbb{F}\subset \mathbb{C}$ is a field, $f_{i}, g_{i}\colon \mathbb{F}\to \mathbb{C}$ are additive functions and $p_i, q_i$ are positive integers for all $i=1, \ldots, n$. Using the theory of decomposable functions we describe the solutions as compositions of higher order derivations and field homomorphisms. In many cases we also give a tight uppe…
Some cases of the LFED Conjecture, proposed by the second author [Z3], for certain integral domains are proved. In particular, the LFED Conjecture is completely established for the field of fractions $k(x)$ of the polynomial algebra $k[x]$, the formal power series algebra $k[[x]]$ and the Laurent formal power series algebra $k[[x]][x^{-1}]$, where $x=(x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n)$ denotes $n$ commutative free variables and $k$ a field of characteristic zero. Furthermore, the relation between the LFED Conjecture and the Duistermaat-van der Kallen Theorem [DK] is also discussed and emphasized.
In commutative algebra, if $δ$ is a locally nilpotent derivation of the polynomial algebra $K[x_1,\ldots,x_d]$ over a field $K$ of characteristic 0 and $w$ is a nonzero element of the kernel of $δ$, then $Δ=wδ$ is also a locally nilpotent derivation with the same kernel as $δ$. In this paper we prove that the locally nilpotent derivation $Δ$ of the free associative algebra $K\langle X,Y\rangle$ is determined up to a multiplicative constant by its kernel. We show also that the kernel of $Δ$ is a free associative algebra and give an explicit set of its free generators.
We propose a study of the foliations of the projective plane induced by simple derivations of the polynomial ring in two indeterminates over the complex field. These correspond to foliations which have no invariant algebraic curve nor singularities in the complement of a line. We establish the position of these foliations in the birational classification of foliations and prove the finiteness of their birational symmetries. Most of the results apply to wider classes of foliations.
Let B be a commutative $\mathbb{Z}$-graded domain of characteristic zero. An element f of B is said to be cylindrical if it is nonzero, homogeneous of nonzero degree, and such that $B_{(f)}$ is a polynomial ring in one variable over a subring. We study the relation between the existence of a cylindrical element of B and the existence of a nonzero locally nilpotent derivation of B. Also, given d > 0, we give sufficient conditions that guarantee that every derivation of $B^{(d)} = \oplus_i B_{di}$ can be extended to a derivation of B. We generalize some results of Kishimoto, Prokhorov and Zaiden…
We prove an explicit uniform Chevalley theorem for direct summands of graded polynomial rings in mixed characteristic. Our strategy relies on the introduction of a new type of differential powers, which do not require the existence of a p-derivation on the direct summand.
We study the problem of characterizing polynomial vector fields that commute with a given polynomial vector field on a plane. It is a classical result that one can write down solution formulas for an ODE that corresponds to a planar vector field that possesses a linearly independent commuting vector field. This problem is also central to the question of linearizability of vector fields. Let $f \in K[x]$, where $K$ is a field of characteristic zero, and $d$ the derivation that corresponds to the differential equation $\ddot x = f(x)$ in a standard way. Let also $H$ be the Hamiltonian polynomial…
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