现实网络中领导节点出现的层次路径
Hierarchical route to the emergence of leader nodes in real-world networks
摘要：
大量的复杂系统，自然地出现在各个领域，很好地描述了有向网络，导致许多有趣的功能，从他们的无向同行缺席。在这些属性中，有一个很强的非正态性，它由一个很强的不对称性所继承，这种不对称性是这些系统的特征，并指导着它们的底层层次结构。在这项工作中，我们考虑了大量的经验网络，并使用信息论工具分析其结构特性。一个无处不在的功能，观察到这些系统之间的非正常性水平的增加。当非常态达到一个给定的阈值，高度定向的子结构，旨在终端（汇或源）节点，这里表示为领导者，自发出现。此外，领导者节点的相对数量描述了网络系统的无政府状态。基于结构分析，我们开发了一个空模型来捕获网络集成中的上述过渡等特征。我们还表明，领导节点的层次结构的顶峰的作用是至关重要的，在这些系统中的驱动动态过程。这项工作为更深入地理解经验复杂系统的结构和发生在它们上面的过程铺平了道路。
英文摘要：
A large number of complex systems, naturally emerging in various domains, are well described by directed networks, resulting in numerous interesting features that are absent from their undirected counterparts. Among these properties is a strong non-normality, inherited by a strong asymmetry that characterizes such systems and guides their underlying hierarchy. In this work, we consider an extensive collection of empirical networks and analyze their structural properties using information theoretic tools. A ubiquitous feature is observed amongst such systems as the level of non-normality increases. When the non-normality reaches a given threshold, highly directed substructures aiming towards terminal (sink or source) nodes, denoted here as leaders, spontaneously emerge. Furthermore, the relative number of leader nodes describe the level of anarchy that characterizes the networked systems. Based on the structural analysis, we develop a null model to capture features such as the aforementioned transition in the networks' ensemble. We also demonstrate that the role of leader nodes at the pinnacle of the hierarchy is crucial in driving dynamical processes in these systems. This work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the architecture of empirical complex systems and the processes taking place on them.
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